Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity

Takase, Tomoki; Tsugawa, Naoko; Sugiyama, Tetsuya; Ikesue, Hiroaki; Eto, Masashi; Hashida, Tohru; Tomii, Keisuke; Muroi, Nobuyuki

doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.003

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Contrary to some of VITAL's conclusions, several studies have shown that having a serum 25(OH)D concentration >30 ng/mL (in some studies, a minimum concentration of 40 or 50 ng/mL) significantly reduced morbidity and mortality from COVID [31,57,[135][136][137][146][147][148][149][150]. Other studies reported between 40 and 60 ng/mL for better clinical outcomes [68,130,151,152].…”

Section: Acute Treatment With Vitamin D Shows the Need For Rcts But P...mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Several peer-reviewed publications confirmed that people with serum 25(OH)D concentrations <12 ng/mL (i.e., severe vitamin D deficiency) are at the greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, complications, and deaths [36,128,129]. Rapidly raising serum 25(OH)D concentrations using cholecalciferol or calcifediol reduced the risk of complications and deaths from COVID-9 and other infections [68,[130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137]. People maintaining serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30 ng/mL compared with ≤20 ng/mL not only had significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.66 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.57-0.77]) and a lower risk of severe outcome (HR = 0.72 [95% CI, 0.52-1.00]) and lower mortality (HR = 0.66 [95% CI, 0.46-0.97]).…”

Section: Using Inappropriate Therapeutic Serum 25(oh)d Concentrations...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Logical Analysis of Response of Health Officials’ Worldwide, to Cost-Effective Early Remedies for COVID19

Wimalawansa¹,

Polonowita²

2022

Preprint

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With the advent of COVID19, the attitude of health authorities around the world, led mainly by the West, demanded a level of proof as evidence for cheap, non-patented remedies while promoting expensive, patented, and untested remedies by using emergency use authorization and special provisions afforded to the status of a pandemic emergency. Western science has neither a tested nor a valid historical basis of a logical system that informs to authenticate scientific practices. Here we use a logical heuristic derived from ancient Buddhist logic, which is consistent with the conduct of modern science. We applied the heuristic to show that enough evidence was available for using cost-effective early therapies such as vitamin D supplementation as a public health measure during the first half of 2020. Strong supporting evidence has since accumulated. Apart from political and financial decisions incompatible with science and other conflicts of interest, a critical barrier to evaluating and approving early therapies appears to be the fallacy that the randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the superior proof method in medical hypotheses, including those for nutrients. Logically, no reason exists why properly designed retrospective, ecological, and naturalistic studies with adequate sample sizes and applied appropriate statistical methods would not be as valid as RCTs, especially when elucidating a causative factor instead of treatment. That assertion is particularly true for nutrient deficiencies, interventions, and other cost-effective therapies. Leading health authorities’ failure or refusal to consider other study types (because of either poor logic or vested interest) probably contributed to the spread of misinformation, symptomatic disease, complications, and deaths from COVID19. Partial immunity derived from vaccines and the later development of more contagious variants—and thus a sense of acceptance that SARS-CoV-2 had progressed from a pandemic to an endemic—shows the hollowness of the initial promotions and mandates of vaccines as a cure. Adequate knowledge was available in 2020 to advise that SARS-CoV-2 will continue to mutate, with variants emerging a few times per year, making the vaccine less effective. Emerging evidence confirms that natural immunity better protects against new variants than vaccination against the spike protein. Had vitamin D been adopted as part of the public health measure through a broader supplementation program in 2020 or even today (through sun exposure or as a prophylactic or adjunct therapy early on), the viral spread and symptomatic disease may have been suppressed, with minimal lockdowns and quarantine, and economic harm. The pandemic could have been halted with a significantly reduced need for hospitalization, complications, and deaths, potentially saving millions of lives.

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Section: Acute Treatment With Vitamin D Shows the Need For Rcts But P...mentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Using Inappropriate Therapeutic Serum 25(oh)d Concentrations...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Logical Analysis of Response of Health Officials’ Worldwide, to Cost-Effective Early Remedies for COVID19

Wimalawansa¹,

Polonowita²

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our conclusions are in harmony with the results of multiple reports. In the study of Takase et al 12 the authors found that low serum vitamin D levels are an independent risk factor for severe covid-19. Also, Hafez et al 13 documented an association between vitamin D deficiency and poor clinical outcome parameters including ICU admission and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Baseline Serum Vitamin D Levels in Hospitalized Egyptian Covid-19 Patients

Mostafa¹,

Mohammed²,

Elshennawy³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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Background andAim: Vitamin D is a hormone with essential roles in both cellular metabolism and immunity. It controls calcium homeostasis and modulates innate and adaptive immune system responses. Many studies suggested an association between vitamin D deficiency and clinical outcomes of covid-19 infection, while others failed to document such a relation. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of baseline vitamin D levels in hospitalized Egyptian covid-19 patients. Patients and Methods: The present retrospective study included 300 hospitalized covid-19 patients. Patients were submitted to standard clinical, laboratory, and radiological assessment. According to vitamin D levels, patients were classified to have normal levels (≥30), insufficient levels (20-29) or deficient levels (<20). Results: According to their vitamin D levels, patients were classified into those with normal vitamin D (n=135), others with vitamin D insufficiency (n=114), and a third group with vitamin D deficiency (n=51). Patients with normal vitamin D levels and vitamin D insufficiency are significantly younger [median (IQR): 49.0 (39.0-57.0) versus 51.0 (40.0-61.0) and 55.0 (43.0-62.0) years, respectively, p=0.012] and had less frequency of severe disease (24.4% versus 40.4% and 51.0%, respectively) when compared with those with vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, they had significantly lower levels of D dimer [median (IQR): 1.

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“…Prior observational studies have either demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity/mortality of COVID-19 [ 25 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 56 ] or failed to support such an association among hospitalized COVID-19 patients [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 57 , 58 ]. Thus, low vitamin D status as a risk factor for severe COVID-19 remains controversial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe COVID-19 has been established in epidemiological studies [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Low vitamin D concentrations might predispose patients with COVID-19 to severe outcomes not only via the associated hyperinflammatory syndrome but also by worsening pre-existing impaired glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. However, some studies have not found these associations [ 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women

Vásquez-Procopio

Torres-Torres

Borboa-Olivares

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Evidence from studies in the general population suggests an association between vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency and COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity. The present study was performed on 165 third-trimester pregnant women at the time of delivery. Seventy-nine women tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. From 86 women testing positive, 32 were asymptomatic, 44 presented a mild form of the disease, and 10 experienced severe symptoms. Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured on blood samples collected on admission. Low vitamin D levels were detected in symptomatic but not asymptomatic COVID-19 patients compared to healthy women (p = 0.0227). In addition, 20 (45.4%) pregnant women in the mild COVID-19 group and 6 (60%) in the severe group were vitamin D deficient (p = 0.030). On the other hand, lasso regression analysis showed that 25-OH vitamin D deficiency is an independent predictor of severe COVID-19 with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.81 (95% CI: 1.108–30.541; p = 0.037). These results show the relationship between vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and the severity of COVID-19 infection and support the recommendation to supplement with vitamin D to avoid worse COVID-19 outcomes during pregnancy.

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Association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Logical Analysis of Response of Health Officials’ Worldwide, to Cost-Effective Early Remedies for COVID19

Logical Analysis of Response of Health Officials’ Worldwide, to Cost-Effective Early Remedies for COVID19

Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Baseline Serum Vitamin D Levels in Hospitalized Egyptian Covid-19 Patients

Association between 25-OH Vitamin D Deficiency and COVID-19 Severity in Pregnant Women

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