Association between a low‐carbohydrate diet and sleep status, depression, anxiety, and stress score

Abstract

BACKGROUND Dietary intakes, especially carbohydrates, play an important role in blood glucose control in patients with diabetes. It is suggested that carbohydrate amounts may be effective in diabetes complications. This study aimed to reveal the association of low‐carbohydrate diet (LCD) and sleep and mental status among patients with diabetes. METHODS This cross‐sectional study was conducted among 265 women with type 2 diabetes. Anthropometric measures, as well as biochemical tests, were recorded. Dietary intakes were recorded using a validated food‐frequency‐questionnaire to calculate LCD score. To assess mental disorders and sleep quality, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used respectively. RESULTS Patients in the highest LCD quartile were the ones with the lowest carbohydrate consumption. There was no significant association between cardiovascular risk factors and LCD score even after controlling confounder variables (P > 0.05). Subjects in the highest quartile of LCD score compared with those within the lowest quartile had a 69% lower risk of poor sleep after adjusting confounders. The odds of depressive symptoms were negatively related to the highest quartile of LCD score in the crude model and even after full‐adjusted model (odds ratio: 0.42; 95% confidence interval: 0.17–1.01). Participants in the highest quartile of LCD score compared with those in the lowest quartile had a 73% lower risk of anxiety. CONCLUSION It seems that patients who consumed lower carbohydrate have better sleep status and are less involved with mental disorders. However, regarding the nature of the present study, well‐designed cohort studies are suggested to be conducted in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

Effective SGLT2 Inhibitor for Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Depression

“…Depression has been one of the important complications of diabetes. In order to investigate the relationship between LCD and mental status, T2DM cases were assessed by a questionnaire for taking food and by the depression, anxiety, and stress scale [34]. As a result, cases in the highest quartile of LCD score showed a 69% lower risk of poor sleep, and a 73% lower risk of anxiety compared with those in the lowest quartile.…”

“…As a result, cases in the highest quartile of LCD score showed a 69% lower risk of poor sleep, and a 73% lower risk of anxiety compared with those in the lowest quartile. Consequently, T2DM patients with LCD meals seem to have better sleep conditions and less mental disorders [34].…”

Sleep disorders related to nutrition and digestive diseases: a neglected clinical condition

“…However, shifting the main calorie intake to the end of the day adversely affects digestion and makes sleep difficult due to GI symptoms such as gastro-esophageal reflux (GERD), dyspepsia, and nausea; more so if the meal is abundant and fat-rich [28]. Conversely, the role of carbohydrates on sleep patterns is still debated [29,30] and the weight of carbohydrates versus caloric load is controversial.…”

The relation between low carbohydrate diet score and psychological disorders among Iranian adults

“…Several studies were performed regarding relation between LCD and risk of chronic disease such metabolic syndrome [12,24,25], diabetes [19,26], cardiovascular disease [20,27], and cancer [28,29]. Nevertheless, a few studies especially large scale studies have been evaluated association between LCD and psychological disorders and their findings were inconsistence [23,[30][31][32][33]. One research did not find any significant association between LCD score and psychological disorders (depression, anxiety and psychological distress) in a sample of Iranian adults [23], while the findings of other studies indicated a protective effect of this dietary pattern on depression in diabetic women [30] and overweight or obese women [31,32].…”

“…Nevertheless, a few studies especially large scale studies have been evaluated association between LCD and psychological disorders and their findings were inconsistence [23,[30][31][32][33]. One research did not find any significant association between LCD score and psychological disorders (depression, anxiety and psychological distress) in a sample of Iranian adults [23], while the findings of other studies indicated a protective effect of this dietary pattern on depression in diabetic women [30] and overweight or obese women [31,32]. More adherence to LCD was also associated with reduced chance of anxiety among diabetic women [30], overweight or obese women [32] and as well as stress in a sample of Iranian nurses [33].…”