Association between Acrylamide Hemoglobin Adduct Levels and Depressive Symptoms in US Adults: NHANES 2013–2016

Abstract

Acrylamide (AA) is widely present in heat-processed carbohydrate-rich food, cigarette smoke, and the environment. Prolonged exposure to AA may cause central nervous system damage. However, few epidemiologic studies assessed the association between hemoglobin adduct levels of AA or its metabolite glycidamide (GA) and depressive symptoms. We included 3595 US adults (≥18 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013−2016. Data for hemoglobin adduct levels from AA and GA (HbAA and HbGA) were used as a measure of internal dose. Depressive symptom data were from mental health questionnaires and measured by nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scores. Results of logistic regression models showed a positive association between HbAA in quartile 4 and depressive symptoms with ORs and 95% CI of 2. 47 (1.29, 4.77) [OR continuous HbAA and 95% CI: 1.006 (1.000, 1.013)], but an inverse association was detected in quartiles 2 and 3 of HbGA/ HbAA [0.62 (0.38, 0.99) and 0.54 (0.32, 0.92), respectively]. Especially, an association between HbAA and depressive symptoms was strengthened in smokers, in age 18−39 and 40−59 years and BMI 25−30 kg/m 2 groups. Further explorations are needed to study the found associations between HbAA, HbGA, and depressive symptoms.

AQP4 Attenuated TRAF6/NFκB Activation in Acrylamide-Induced Neurotoxicity

“…Some studies have observed changes in brain monoamine levels and depressive symptoms comorbid with anxiety behavior in rodents after exposure to ACR [ 21 , 22 ]. A population-based cross-sectional study evaluated the association between ACR levels in the hemoglobin adducts and depressive symptoms in US adults by using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [ 9 ].…”

“…Individuals with depression may have trouble engaging in normal day-to-day activities and sometimes feel as though life is not worth living. A study reported that ACR–hemoglobin adduct levels are associated with depressive symptoms in US adults [ 9 ]. MDD is a chronic mental disorder associated with symptoms including depressed moods, loss of interest in activities, loss of energy and thinking ability, feelings of fatigue and worthlessness, and suicidal ideations [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Association of Urinary Iodine Concentration with Depressive Symptoms among Adults: NHANES 2007–2018

“…In the current study, we adjusted age, sex, race, education level, annual household income, body mass index (BMI), marital status, physical activity, caffeine intake, total energy intake, sodium intake, smoking status, alcohol consumption, urinary creatinine levels, hypertension, diabetes, and stroke history for controlling the confounding bias, based on previous research [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Table S1 shows the details on covariables.…”

Blood RNA‐sequencing analysis in acrylamide‐induced neurotoxicity and depressive symptoms in rats

“…A previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study showed that blood hemoglobin‐ACR adduct was positively associated with a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in US adults 20 . Although ACR is a low‐toxic compound 21 that can absorb through the digestive tract, 22 the chronic neurotoxicity caused by ACR is still unclear.…”

“…19 A previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study showed that blood hemoglobin-ACR adduct was positively associated with a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in US adults. 20 Although ACR is a low-toxic compound 21 that can absorb through the digestive tract, 22 the chronic neurotoxicity caused by ACR is still unclear. In this study, we inquired whether ACR exposure can cause neurotoxicity and depressive symptoms in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and transcriptomic sequencing analysis of blood associated with neurotoxicity pathway genes.…”