Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study

Celis‐Morales, Carlos; Lyall, Donald M.; Welsh, Paul; Anderson, Jana; Steell, Lewis; Guo, Yibing; Maldonado, Reno; Mackay, Daniel; Pell, Jill P.; Sattar, Naveed; Gill, Jason M.R.

doi:10.1136/bmj.j1456

Cited by 365 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, while many existing bicycle studies focus on identifying built environment factors that affect the bicycle use [30] [31], to the authors' knowledge, very little research has yet been conducted on how positive health benefits may be a factor in influencing commuters to cycle to work [32]. In particular, even though our study focused on employing extrinsic rewards (e.g., money) for stimulating commuting to work by bike; based on the results here presented, the authors believe that health benefits could potentially be used as a powerful intrinsic reward to persuade car drivers to choose the bicycle over the car.…”

Section: Feeling Healthy Is An Important Reason To Cycle To Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

How employees view smart cycling to work: A regional survey in the Netherlands

Fioreze

Thomas

Huang

et al. 2019

Travel Behaviour and Society

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The intent of our study is to provide insightful results regarding views and attitudes of employees towards cycling. We were especially interested in their views regarding the use of personalized rewarding schemes delivered via a smartphone app to stimulate cycling to work. The study involved a quantitative on-line survey of employees in Enschede, the Netherlands, and vicinity, wherein 1.800 employees participated. Our results show that most employees commute by bicycle, followed by a considerable percentage who commute (alone) by car. In addition, most employees consider cycling as pleasant, healthy, and refreshing. For employees who often cycle to work, feeling healthy is the most important reason for them to take up cycling. Equally important, the use of apps to stimulate cycling to work has potential, but employees need to be approached accordingly. For example, employees who sometimes cycle to work are more receptive to rewarding schemes delivered via smartphone apps. Conversely, non-cyclists are more reluctant to take up cycling, even if rewards would be offered.

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Section: Feeling Healthy Is An Important Reason To Cycle To Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

How employees view smart cycling to work: A regional survey in the Netherlands

Fioreze

Thomas

Huang

et al. 2019

Travel Behaviour and Society

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“…Prospective studies comparing the benefits of walking vs cycling suggest that cycling may provide greater health benefits than walking in healthy individuals 10, potentially through the higher intensity of cycling which leads to increased fitness 11; however, there are a number of barriers, including hilly routes and perceived effort, which are likely to discourage people with Type 2 diabetes from cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

et al. 2018

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AimTo explore in a feasibility study whether ‘e‐cycling’ was acceptable to, and could potentially improve the health of, people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsTwenty people with Type 2 diabetes were recruited and provided with an electric bicycle for 20 weeks. Participants completed a submaximal fitness test at baseline and follow‐up to measure predicted maximal aerobic power, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted to assess the acceptability of using an electric bicycle. Participants wore a heart rate monitor and a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver in the first week of electric bicycle use to measure their heart‐rate during e‐cycling.ResultsEighteen participants completed the study, cycling a median (interquartile range) of 21.4 (5.5–37.7) km per week. Predicted maximal aerobic power increased by 10.9%. Heart rate during electric bicycle journeys was 74.7% of maximum, compared with 64.3% of maximum when walking. Participants used the electric bicycles for commuting, shopping and recreation, and expressed how the electric bicycle helped them to overcome barriers to active travel/cycling, such as hills. Fourteen participants purchased an electric bicycle on study completion.ConclusionsThere was evidence that e‐cycling was acceptable, could increase fitness and elicited a heart rate that may lead to improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in this population. Electric bicycles have potential as a health‐improving intervention in people with Type 2 diabetes.

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“…The median intensity for commutes ranged from 1.28 MET for car commuters to 6.44 MET for cyclists. In 2017 an extensive study from Glasgow (Celis-Morales et al, 2017), which investigated data from more than 260,000 participants, attracted a great deal of attention. The authors found that active commuting cut the risk for all-cause mortality massively.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering Spatial Factors in Promoting Active, Healthy Commuting

Loidl¹,

Butzhammer²,

Castellazzi³

et al. 2018

giforum

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Although mobility is spatial by its very nature, spatial factors are rarely explicitly considered in the promotion of active commuting. However, active commuting bears great potential for increasing physical activity among employees and can thus contribute to health promotion. We argue that spatial models and analyses are building blocks for more efficient strategies in corporate mobility and health promotion measures. Specifically, we propose (a) a routing algorithm that optimizes commuting journeys in terms of health effectiveness; (b) assessment models, which express the suitability of workplace environments for active commuting; (c) spatial analyses that estimate the potentials of different modes for any given location, and (d) spatial analyses that support awarenessraising for active mobility. The elements are conceptualized on a generic level and then applied to a case study in Salzburg, Austria. In this case study, we demonstrate the integrative power of a geo-spatial approach which facilitates holistic perspectives on healthy commuting and has the potential to serve as an evidence base in targeted interventions.

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Association between active commuting and incident cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality: prospective cohort study

Cited by 365 publications

References 15 publications

How employees view smart cycling to work: A regional survey in the Netherlands

How employees view smart cycling to work: A regional survey in the Netherlands

Potential of electric bicycles to improve the health of people with Type 2 diabetes: a feasibility study

Considering Spatial Factors in Promoting Active, Healthy Commuting

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