Association between Allelic Variations of -174G/C Polymorphism of Interleukin-6 Gene and Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder in Iraqi Patients

Abstract

This study designed to examine association between-174G/C polymorphism of interleukin-6 gene and phosphate, calcium, vitamin D3, and parathyroid hormone levels in Iraqi patient with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis. Seventy chronic renal failure patients (patients group) and 20 healthy subjects (control group) were genotyped for interleukin-6 polymorphism and genotyping was performed by conventional polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. No significant differences in phosphate levels were observed in patients and control with different interleukin-6 genotypes. Control had non-significant differences in calcium levels, while patients with GG and CG genotypes displayed significant elevation with time. Conversely, control and patients with GG and CC genotypes had significant elevation in vitamin D3 levels with time. Regarding parathyroid hormone, control had non-significant differences, while patients with GG and CC genotypes displayed significant elevation with time.
 Patients with GG genotype displayed significant changes in calcium, vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone levels with time.

Assessment of Some Bone Turnover in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in Tikrit/Iraq

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الهيبسيدين وبعض المتغيرات البيوكيميائية في الأطفال العراقيين الذين يعانون من نقص هرمون النمو

“…The early pubescent years for children is the crucial time for the rapidly growing skeleton to calcify, since calcium is the primary mineral found in bone 14,15 . An adequate balance of phosphate is essential for healthy bone mineralization and linear growth 16 .…”

Evaluation of Beta-2 Integrin and Platelets Roles in Sickle Cell Disease Pathogenicity in Basrah Governorate Patients

“…Strong sticking of circulating leukocytes to inflamed vascular endothelium is an important step of multistep adhesion cascade that results in the aggregation and eventual migration of leukocytes to the wall vessel 7 . Movement of leukocytes through the endothelium monolayers is mediated by activating β2 integrin(CD18) receptors Leukocytes that lack β2integrin receptors are unable to complete a multistep adhesion process responsible for their recruitment to site of inflammation [8][9][10] .…”