Abstract:Background
COVID-19 may play a role in various immune-related dermatological conditions. The relationship between COVID-19 and alopecia areata remains unclear.
Objective
To review the existing literature for clinical studies and reports investigating the association between new-onset alopecia areata or the exacerbation of pre-existing alopecia areata following infection with SARS-CoV-2.
Methods
A systematic review of the literature was perfor… Show more
“…Alopecia areata is thought to be a dermatologic manifestation of COVID‐19, with cases most often appearing 1–2 months following infection. 53 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alopecia areata is thought to be a dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19, with cases most often appearing 1-2 months following infection. 53 Other rare skin manifestations observed in COVID-19 patients include pytiriasis rosea, 54,55 sebopsoriasis, Covid arm, 56 herpes zoster, 57 lichen planus 58 painful ulcers on the hard palate and tongue, all fingernails onychopathy, diffuse pruritic pustular eruption, SDRIFE (symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema)like erythematous rash, pruriginous and painful subcutaneous nodular lesions, eruptive angiomas, and a pseudoherpetic variant of Grover disease. 27…”
Background
COVID‐19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID‐19 outbreak, which caused thousands of deaths, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.
Aim
Skin manifestations related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can be divided mainly into five groups: chilblainlike lesions (CBLLs), maculopapular eruptions, urticarial eruptions, vesicular eruptions, and livedo or necrosis. Other skin findings reported are erythema multiforme (EM)‐like lesions and skin findings associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) and rarely with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS‐A). Other manifestations such as pityriasis rosea or shingles are also reported.
Methods
A total of 60 articles including reviews, studies and case reports were selected for the evaluation in this review.
Results
The skin manifestations associated with COVID‐19 infection are numerous and can vary widely. The major dermatological patterns of COVID‐19 can be classified as inflammatory reactions (maculopapular/morbilliform, urticarial and vesicular rashes), or lesions of vascular origin (chilblain like rashes, petechiae/purpura, and livedo acemose‐like pattern)
Conclusion
We believe that the dermatologist could play an important role in the response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic through early recognition of skin lesions suggestive of COVID‐19, particularly in paucisymptomatic infections where this recognition could direct toward an early diagnosis of infection that certainly leads to a better prognosis.
“…Alopecia areata is thought to be a dermatologic manifestation of COVID‐19, with cases most often appearing 1–2 months following infection. 53 …”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Alopecia areata is thought to be a dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19, with cases most often appearing 1-2 months following infection. 53 Other rare skin manifestations observed in COVID-19 patients include pytiriasis rosea, 54,55 sebopsoriasis, Covid arm, 56 herpes zoster, 57 lichen planus 58 painful ulcers on the hard palate and tongue, all fingernails onychopathy, diffuse pruritic pustular eruption, SDRIFE (symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema)like erythematous rash, pruriginous and painful subcutaneous nodular lesions, eruptive angiomas, and a pseudoherpetic variant of Grover disease. 27…”
Background
COVID‐19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. COVID‐19 outbreak, which caused thousands of deaths, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020.
Aim
Skin manifestations related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection can be divided mainly into five groups: chilblainlike lesions (CBLLs), maculopapular eruptions, urticarial eruptions, vesicular eruptions, and livedo or necrosis. Other skin findings reported are erythema multiforme (EM)‐like lesions and skin findings associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C) and rarely with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS‐A). Other manifestations such as pityriasis rosea or shingles are also reported.
Methods
A total of 60 articles including reviews, studies and case reports were selected for the evaluation in this review.
Results
The skin manifestations associated with COVID‐19 infection are numerous and can vary widely. The major dermatological patterns of COVID‐19 can be classified as inflammatory reactions (maculopapular/morbilliform, urticarial and vesicular rashes), or lesions of vascular origin (chilblain like rashes, petechiae/purpura, and livedo acemose‐like pattern)
Conclusion
We believe that the dermatologist could play an important role in the response to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic through early recognition of skin lesions suggestive of COVID‐19, particularly in paucisymptomatic infections where this recognition could direct toward an early diagnosis of infection that certainly leads to a better prognosis.
“…Similarly, only L63 (alopecia areata) was significantly associated with some income categories. Since the evidence on ‘alopecia areata’ being a long-term consequence after COVID-19 infection is limited [ 17 ], we do not explore this association with income further. Fig.…”
Background
Despite an abundance of information on the risk factors of SARS-CoV-2, there have been few US-wide studies of long-term effects. In this paper we analyzed a large medical claims database of US based individuals to identify common long-term effects as well as their associations with various social and medical risk factors.
Methods
The medical claims database was obtained from a prominent US based claims data processing company, namely Change Healthcare. In addition to the claims data, the dataset also consisted of various social determinants of health such as race, income, education level and veteran status of the individuals. A self-controlled cohort design (SCCD) observational study was performed to identify ICD-10 codes whose proportion was significantly increased in the outcome period compared to the control period to identify significant long-term effects. A logistic regression-based association analysis was then performed between identified long-term effects and social determinants of health.
Results
Among the over 1.37 million COVID patients in our datasets we found 36 out of 1724 3-digit ICD-10 codes to be statistically significantly increased in the post-COVID period (p-value < 0.05). We also found one combination of ICD-10 codes, corresponding to ‘other anemias’ and ‘hypertension’, that was statistically significantly increased in the post-COVID period (p-value < 0.05). Our logistic regression-based association analysis with social determinants of health variables, after adjusting for comorbidities and prior conditions, showed that age and gender were significantly associated with the multiple long-term effects. Race was only associated with ‘other sepsis’, income was only associated with ‘Alopecia areata’ (autoimmune disease causing hair loss), while education level was only associated with ‘Maternal infectious and parasitic diseases’ (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion
We identified several long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 through a self-controlled study on a cohort of over one million patients. Furthermore, we found that while age and gender are commonly associated with the long-term effects, other social determinants of health such as race, income and education levels have rare or no significant associations.
“… 2 However, alopecia areata (AA), another nonscarring hair loss, has also been reported after SARS-CoV-2 infection in small sample size studies. 3 The disorder is believed to be immune-mediated, occurring as a response to the inflammatory process that affects anagen hair follicles. Contrary to TE, the hair loss is usually patchy, nondiffuse.…”
Post-COVID-19 telogen effluvium has been largely reported as a sequela in the post-acute phase of COVID-19, causing major emotional distress among the affected patients. The affected individuals are further exposed to a vast amount of misinformation from the internet and social media and it is important for physicians to be familiar with the phenomenon and provide appropriate counselling to their patients regarding this condition. This article aims to review the evidence-based complementary strategies that can help enhance hair regrowth after post-COVID-19 hair loss, from psychological support and patient education to the importance of optimal nutrition and potential indications and benefits of oral nutritional supplementation, as well as the role of both topical and injectable hair growth stimulators.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
