Association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg, South Africa: any susceptible groups?

Thabethe, Nomsa; Voyi, Kuku; Wichmann, Janine

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13778-w

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For instance, Orellano et al found a 0.91% (95% CI: 0.6-1.2%) increased risk for a 10 µg/m 3 rise in PM 10 , and Newell et al reported a corresponding estimate of 0.38% (95% CI: 0•33-0•43). Our results are also consistent with other findings from Cape Town Wichmann et al [7] and Thabethe et al [15] reported non-significant positive associations of PM 10 with daily RD mortality rates as well. The same studies also reported results similar to ours for SO 2 .…”

Section: Respiratory Diseasesupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Air quality monitoring in other regions of the African continent is not well established, resulting in a lack of data for such studies. In the City of Cape Town, epidemiological time-series studies have shown shortterm associations between air pollution and cardio-respiratory disease mortality [7,15], however none of them assessed the independent effects of multiple pollutants. As people are exposed to multiple pollutants in the atmosphere-it is crucial to estimate the independent short-term effects of individual pollutants in multi-pollutant models by including the different pollutants simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Effects of PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3 on Cardio-Respiratory Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa, 2006–2015

Adebayo-Ojo

Wichmann

Arowosegbe

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: The health effect of air pollution is rarely quantified in Africa, and this is evident in global systematic reviews and multi-city studies which only includes South Africa. Methods: A time-series analysis was conducted on daily mortality (cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory diseases (RD)) and air pollution from 2006–2015 for the city of Cape Town. We fitted single- and multi-pollutant models to test the independent effects of particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) from co-pollutants. Results: daily average concentrations per interquartile range (IQR) increase of 16.4 µg/m3 PM10, 10.7 µg/m3 NO2, 6 µg/m3 SO2 and 15.6 µg/m3 O3 lag 0–1 were positively associated with CVD, with an increased risk of 2.4% (95% CI: 0.9–3.9%), 2.2 (95% CI: 0.4–4.1%), 1.4% (95% CI: 0–2.8%) and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2–4.8%), respectively. For RD, only NO2 showed a significant positive association with a 4.5% (95% CI: 1.4–7.6%) increase per IQR. In multi-pollutant models, associations of NO2 with RD remained unchanged when adjusted for PM10 and SO2 but was weakened for O3. In CVD, O3 estimates were insensitive to other pollutants showing an increased risk. Interestingly, CVD and RD lag structures of PM10, showed significant acute effect with evidence of mortality displacement. Conclusion: The findings suggest that air pollution is associated with mortality, and exposure to PM10 advances the death of frail population.

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Section: Respiratory Diseasesupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Effects of PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3 on Cardio-Respiratory Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa, 2006–2015

Adebayo-Ojo

Wichmann

Arowosegbe

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…There have been a few studies to date in SA and SSA at large that have explored the short-term association between monitored air pollutants and any health outcomes [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], but none has quantified the joint health effects of multiple pollutants on hospital admissions for any health outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Joint Effects of PM10, NO2 and SO2 on Cardio-Respiratory Disease Hospital Admissions in Cape Town, South Africa

Adebayo-Ojo

Wichmann

Arowosegbe

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background/Aim: In sub-Sahara Africa, few studies have investigated the short-term association between hospital admissions and ambient air pollution. Therefore, this study explored the association between multiple air pollutants and hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods: Generalized additive quasi-Poisson models were used within a distributed lag linear modelling framework to estimate the cumulative effects of PM10, NO2, and SO2 up to a lag of 21 days. We further conducted multi-pollutant models and stratified our analysis by age group, sex, and season. Results: The overall relative risk (95% confidence interval (CI)) for PM10, NO2, and SO2 at lag 0–1 for hospital admissions due to respiratory disease (RD) were 1.9% (0.5–3.2%), 2.3% (0.6–4%), and 1.1% (−0.2–2.4%), respectively. For cardiovascular disease (CVD), these values were 2.1% (0.6–3.5%), 1% (−0.8–2.8%), and −0.3% (−1.6–1.1%), respectively, per inter-quartile range increase of 12 µg/m3 for PM10, 7.3 µg/m3 for NO2, and 3.6 µg/m3 for SO2. The overall cumulative risks for RD per IQR increase in PM10 and NO2 for children were 2% (0.2–3.9%) and 3.1% (0.7–5.6%), respectively. Conclusion: We found robust associations of daily respiratory disease hospital admissions with daily PM10 and NO2 concentrations. Associations were strongest among children and warm season for RD.

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“…Much is known about the relation between high ambient temperature, air pollution, all-course and cardiovascular mortality [122], independent associations of hot weather, polluted air environment, and respiratory health [1,67,123], but the combined effect on disease-specific events, such as respiratory, is less clear. The current review shows the role of pollutants on respiratory health impacts may vary with hot weather conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

Grigorieva

Lukyanets

2021

Atmosphere

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Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather–air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of hot weather, air pollution, and respiratory health consequences worldwide, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most dangerous pollution agents and vulnerable population groups. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, focusing only on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. The main findings demonstrate that the increased level of PM10 and O3 results in significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality. Increments in PM2.5 and PM10, O3, CO, and NO2 concentrations during high temperature episodes are dramatically associated with higher admissions to hospital in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, daily hospital emergency transports for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and premature mortality caused by respiratory disease. Excessive respiratory health risk is more pronounced in elderly cohorts and small children. Both heat waves and outdoor air pollution are synergistically linked and are expected to be more serious in the future due to greater climate instability, being a crucial threat to global public health that requires the responsible involvement of researchers at all levels. Sustainable urban planning and smart city design could significantly reduce both urban heat islands effect and air pollution.

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Association between ambient air pollution and cause-specific mortality in Cape Town, Durban, and Johannesburg, South Africa: any susceptible groups?

Cited by 17 publications

References 43 publications

Short-Term Effects of PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3 on Cardio-Respiratory Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa, 2006–2015

Short-Term Effects of PM10, NO2, SO2 and O3 on Cardio-Respiratory Mortality in Cape Town, South Africa, 2006–2015

Short-Term Joint Effects of PM10, NO2 and SO2 on Cardio-Respiratory Disease Hospital Admissions in Cape Town, South Africa

Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review

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