Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Li, Mingyu; Yi, Jongyoun; Tang, Wenwen

doi:10.1177/1470320321995074

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…On the other hand, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, association studies between the ACE genotype and arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus were published. A meta-analysis found an association between the D allele and essential hypertension in Asian and Caucasian population [25]. Another meta-analysis found that the D variant was associated with a 14% increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus relative to the I variant, in Caucasian and East Asians [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis

Oscanoa

Vidal

Coto

et al. 2021

Arterial Hypertension

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Background: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. On the other hand, homozygous ACE deletion polymorphism (DD) has been associated with these two diseases and risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome. The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the association between ACE gene I/D polymorphism (DD, II and DI) and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients. Material and methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar for studies published between January 2020 and April 2021. We included case-control studies evaluating the association between ACE I/D and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients, were there was sufficient genotype or allele frequency data to calculate IRR (incidence rate ratio) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Five studies were included (mean age 58.5 years and 61% men), combining to a total of 786 patients. Four studies were conducted in Caucasians. Overall, patients who had homozygous co-dominance genotype DD were at 47% higher risk of severe COVID-19 compared with II or ID (IRR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.15-1.89; p = 0.002). Conclusions:The ACE DD genotype may confer a greater risk of severe COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Further studies including more diverse ethnic groups are necessary to fully establish this association.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis

Oscanoa

Vidal

Coto

et al. 2021

Arterial Hypertension

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“…The correlation of ACE1 I/D rs1799752 polymorphism with the risk of various diseases has been studied previously. It was demonstrated that I/D variant can impose the risk of hypertension in African ethnicity (Mengesha et al, 2019 ), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in Caucasian and East‐Asian ethnicities (Zhou et al, 2010 ), and both hypertension and T2DM in Caucasian and Asian ethnicities (Liu et al, 2021 ), and chronic kidney disease in Asian hypertensive male patients (Lin et al, 2014 ) which are thought to get worsen during COVID‐19 (Matta et al, 2020 ). During the COVID‐19 pandemic, the role of this variant in the severity had also investigated by different studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms with the infection and severity of COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

Aziz

Islam

2022

Molec Gen & Gen Med

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Background ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 genetic polymorphisms could play a critical role in altering the clinical outcomes of SARS‐CoV‐2. The findings of previous studies remained inconclusive. This meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the association and provide a more reliable outcome. Methods This study was completed following the updated recommendations of PRISMA using RevMan 5.4.1 statistical software. Results A total of 11 studies with 950 severe cases and 1573 non‐severe cases with COVID‐19 infection were included. Pooled analysis showed that ACE1 I/D polymorphism was correlated with the severity of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the DD genotype and D allele for the fixed‐effects model (OR:1.27 and OR:1.17). Besides, codominant 3, recessive, and allele models were associated with the severity of the fixed‐effects model (OR:1.35, OR:1.37, and OR:1.20) in Caucasian ethnicity. ACE2 rs2285666 was linked with the severity in codominant 3 (OR:2.63, for both random‐ and fixed effects‐models), overdominant (OR:1.97, for random‐effects model and OR:1.97, for fixed effects‐model), and recessive model (OR:0.41 for fixed‐ and random‐effects model). Allele model of rs2285666 showed a significant association in the fixed‐effects model (OR:1.61). Conclusion Our present meta‐analysis suggests that ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 variants may enhance the severity in SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients. Future studies are warranted to verify our findings.

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“…However, the risk factors of HF are not fully recognized yet, and the genetic determinants of cardiac function are probable contributors. There are several reports that genetic variations in the RAS play important roles in the development of CAD, HT, LVH, or cardiomyopathy [ 6 , 7 ]. The key components of the RAS are angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II Type 1 receptor (AGTR1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several reports that genetic variations in the RAS play important roles in the development of CAD, HT, LVH, or cardiomyopathy [6,7]. The key components of the RAS are angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II Type 1 receptor (AGTR1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Variants in the Renin-Angiotensin System and the Risk of Heart Failure in Polish Patients

Gorący

Kaczmarczyk

et al. 2022

Genes

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(1) Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex disease and one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of HF. (2) Aim: To investigate the association of RAS key genetic variants, rs5051 (A-6G) in the gene encoding angiotensinogen (AGT), rs4646994 (I/D) in the gene for angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), and rs5186 (A1166C) in the gene encoding type 1 receptor for angiotensin II (AGTR1), with the HF risk in the cohort of Polish patients. (3) Methods: The study group consisted of 415 patients that were diagnosed with HF, while the control group comprised of 152 healthy individuals. Genomic DNA were extracted from blood and genotyping was carried out using either PCR or PCR-RFLP for ACE or AGT and AGTR1 variants, respectively. (4) Results: No association has been found between the I/D ACE and heart failure. The HF risk was significantly higher for AG AGT heterozygotes (overdominance: AG versus AA + GG) and for carriers of the G AGT allele in codominant and dominant modes of inheritance. However, the risk of HF was significantly lower in the carriers of at least one C AGTR1 allele (AC or CC genotypes) or in AC AGTR1 heterozygotes (overdominant mode). There was a significant relationship for AGT and HF patients in NYHA Class I-II for whom the risk was higher for the carriers of the G allele, and for the AG heterozygotes. There was also a significant interaction between heterozygote advantage of AGT and BMI increasing the risk for HF. (5) Conclusion: Our results suggest that the A(-6)G AGT polymorphism may be associated with HF in the Polish population and the HF risk seems to be modulated by the A1166C AGTR1 polymorphism.

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Association between angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis

ACE gene I/D polymorphism and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis

Association of ACE1 I/D rs1799752 and ACE2 rs2285666 polymorphisms with the infection and severity of COVID‐19: A meta‐analysis

The Genetic Variants in the Renin-Angiotensin System and the Risk of Heart Failure in Polish Patients

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