Association between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and competitive anxiety in Tunisian athlete

Salivary Hormone and Anxiety Responses to Free-Throw Shooting Competition in Collegiate Female Basketball Players

“…Although we did not note any statistically significant differences between winners and losers on competitive anxiety or hormones, there were positive relationships between competitive anxiety and cortisol levels before and following the competition. Men and women react differently to stress, and this area has been studied in regard to HPA activation, autonomic responses, and sex steroids (Verma, Balhara, & Gupta, 2011). Models such as the "tend and befriend" in women and "fight or flight" in men have been used to explain the differences between genders (Verma et al, 2011).…”

“…Men and women react differently to stress, and this area has been studied in regard to HPA activation, autonomic responses, and sex steroids (Verma, Balhara, & Gupta, 2011). Models such as the "tend and befriend" in women and "fight or flight" in men have been used to explain the differences between genders (Verma et al, 2011). The physiological response to social rejection appears to be greater in women, whereas men have been found to be more reactive to achievement-based challenges (Stroud, Salovey, & Epel, 2002).…”

“…In competitive settings, the manifestations of anxiety are commonly measured as cognitive (e.g., worry) and somatic (e.g., tight muscles) components (as an example, see Znazen, Chtara, Butovskaya, Siala, Messaoud, & Souissi, 2016). According to the multidimensional theory of competitive anxiety, cognitive and somatic anxiety have distinct relationships with performance that do not completely parallel one another (Martens et al, 1990).…”

Ansiedade e esporte

“…Esclarecida a relação entre a ansiedade e os gêneros, a área da psicologia esportiva revela-se em grande expansão e surgem artigos mais recentes [7,18,19], que somente o estudo da relação das condições psicológicas no desempenho esportivo não é mais suficiente, surge uma demanda agora para a explicação mais profunda de tais fatores psicológicos, abrangendo suas origens desde questões que abordam o indivíduo e sua estrutura genética para a explicação dos fatos.…”

“…O estudo de Znazen et al [18] foi o primeiro a interpretar a relação entre o gene da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ACE) e a ansiedade somática, ansiedade cognitiva e a autoconfiança em atletas, testando se os genótipos podem estar associados a tais ansiedades e se podem ser usadas como preditor da performance (modalidades de resistência e de força).…”