Association between benzodiazepines and suicide risk: a matched case-control study

Cato, Ville; Holländare, Fredrik; Nordenskjöld, Axel; Sellin, Tabita

doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2312-3

Cited by 45 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Benzodiazepines had the highest statistic among all variables with the χ 2 value of 44.761 in a simple frequency analysis between the suicide and non-suicide groups. This is consistent with the results of previous studies, according to which prescription of benzodiazepines alone is associated with a high risk of suicide, even if not used as a means of suicide [ 33 , 34 ]. The mechanism by which the prescribed benzodiazepines and sleeping pills, collectively known as sedatives and hypnotics, are associated with suicide in elderly remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of a Suicide Prediction Model for the Elderly Using Health Screening Data

Cho

Geem

Lee

2021

IJERPH

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Suicide poses a serious problem globally, especially among the elderly population. To tackle the issue, this study aimed to develop a model for predicting suicide by using machine learning based on the elderly population. To obtain a large sample, the study used the big data health screening cohort provided by the National Health Insurance Sharing Service. By applying a machine learning technique, a predictive model that comprehensively utilized various factors was developed to select the elderly aged > 65 years at risk of suicide. A total of 48,047 subjects were included in the analysis. Individuals who died by suicide were older, and the number of men was significantly greater. The suicide group had a more prominent history of depression, with the use of medicaments significantly higher. Specifically, the prescription of benzodiazepines alone was associated with a high suicide risk. Furthermore, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein level were lower in the suicide group. We developed a model for predicting suicide by using machine learning based on the elderly population. This suicide prediction model can satisfy the performance to some extent by employing only the medical service usage behavior without subjective reports.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Development of a Suicide Prediction Model for the Elderly Using Health Screening Data

Cho

Geem

Lee

2021

IJERPH

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“…For example, we found several genes that are targets for benzodiazepines in the suicide subset. However, benzodiazepines have shown to increase suicide risk in previous reports (Cato, Holländare, Nordenskjöld, & Sellin, 2019;Dodds, 2017). Therefore, their future testing in individuals with suicidal behavior should be performed considering this evidence.…”

Section: Drug-target Interactions For Suicide Subsetmentioning

confidence: 95%

Candidate pharmacological treatments for substance use disorder and suicide identified by gene co‐expression network‐based drug repositioning

Cabrera‐Mendoza

Martínez‐Magaña

Monroy-Jaramillo

et al. 2021

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Patients with substance use disorders (SUD) are at high risk to die by suicide. So far, the neurobiology of the suicide-SUD association has not been elucidated. This study aimed to identify potential pharmacological targets among hub genes from brain gene co-expression networks of individuals with SUD in a suicidal and non-suicidal context. Post-mortem samples from the prefrontal cortex of 79 individuals were analyzed. Individuals were classified into the following groups: suicides with SUD (n = 28), suicides without SUD (n = 23), nonsuicides with SUD (n = 9), nonsuicides without SUD (n = 19). Gene expression profiles were evaluated with the Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 array. Co-expression networks were constructed in WGCNA using the differentially expressed genes found in the comparisons: (a) suicides with and without SUD and (b) nonsuicides with and without SUD. Hub genes were selected for druggene interaction testing in the DGIdb database. Among drugs interacting with hub genes in suicides we found MAOA inhibitors and dextromethorphan. In the nonsuicide individuals, we found interactions with eglumegad and antipsychotics (olanzapine, clozapine, loxapine). Modafinil was found to interact with genes in both suicides and nonsuicides. These drugs represent possible candidate treatments for patients with SUD with and without suicidal behavior and their study in each context is encouraged.

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“…Benzodiazepine monotherapy has been associated with suicidal ideation and completed suicide [27][28][29]. In a study of 3,465 suicide deaths in Colorado from 2015 to 2017, 60% had filled a prescription for a controlled substance during that time frame, and 14% filled a prescription for a benzodiazepine [28].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide by Opioid: Exploring the Intentionality of the Act

Pergolizzi¹,

Breve²,

Magnusson³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Opioid toxicity can result in life-threatening respiratory depression. Opioid-overdose mortality in the United States is high and increasing, but it is difficult to determine what proportion of those deaths might actually be suicides. The exact number of Americans who died of an opioid overdose but whose deaths might be classified as suicide remains unknown. It is important to differentiate between those who take opioids with the deliberate and unequivocal objective of committing suicide, that is, those with active intent, from those with passive intent. The passive-intent group understands the risks of opioid consumption and takes dangerous amounts, but with a more ambiguous attitude toward suicide. Thus, among decedents of opioid overdose, a large population dies by accident, whereas a small population dies intending to commit suicide; but between them exists a sub-population with equivocal intentions, waxing and waning between their desire to live and the carelessness about death. There may be a passive as well as active intent to commit suicide, but less is known about the passive motivation. It is important for public health efforts aimed at reducing both suicides and opioid-use disorder to better understand the range of motivations behind opioid-related suicides and how to combat them.

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Association between benzodiazepines and suicide risk: a matched case-control study

Cited by 45 publications

References 44 publications

Development of a Suicide Prediction Model for the Elderly Using Health Screening Data

Development of a Suicide Prediction Model for the Elderly Using Health Screening Data

Candidate pharmacological treatments for substance use disorder and suicide identified by gene co‐expression network‐based drug repositioning

Suicide by Opioid: Exploring the Intentionality of the Act

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