Association between blood N-3 fatty acid levels and the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 in the UK Biobank

Harris, William S.; Tintle, Nathan L.; Sathyanarayanan, Swaminathan Perinkulam; Westra, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.11.011

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…In another study, an inverse association between the omega-3 index and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 such as mechanical ventilation and death was reported (28). Moreover, in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study, higher blood DHA levels appeared to be protective against both odds of COVID-19 infection as well as severity of this condition (29). In the present study, higher dietary intake of omega-3 was linked with lower odds of dyspnea, cough, fever, chills, weakness, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, and sore throat in individuals who recently recovered from COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The relationship between omega-3 intake and the severity and symptoms of Covid-19

Ramezani,

Khademi,

Milajerdi

2024

Preprint

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Background and Aims: Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFAs) may exert beneficial effects on the immune system of patients with viral infections. This paper aimed to examine the effect of n3 PUFA on severity and symptoms in critically ill patients with COVID 19Methods In a cross-sectional study, 250 COVID-19 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 were enrolled. To gauge dietary omega-3 consumption, a validated 168-item online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used. The severity of COVID-19 was determined using the COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines, and symptoms were assessed using a common questionnaire. Crude and modified analyses were carried out. (Model 1: age, sex, and energy intake; Model 2: Model 1 + physical activity, supplements, corticosteroids, and antiviral drugs; Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index).Results The mean age of participants was 44.06 ± 11.84 years, and 46% of them had severe COVID-19. Patients at the highest tertile of dietary omega-3 intake had lower serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP (10.25 ± 13.12 vs. 25.20 ± 24.89 mg/L, p < 0.001) and ESR (14.55 ± 15.02 vs. 29.13 ± 2.26 mm/hr, p < 0.001), than those at the lowest tertile. After controlling for potential confounders, we observed that a higher dietary omega-3 intake was associated with a lower odds of severe COVID-19 (OR: 0.42; 95% CI: 0.22–0.79).Conclusion We found that higher intake of dietary omega-3 was inversely associated with COVID-19 severity and symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The relationship between omega-3 intake and the severity and symptoms of Covid-19

Ramezani,

Khademi,

Milajerdi

2024

Preprint

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“…This imbalance appears to be worse in the peripheral lung tissue, with lower levels of anti-inflammatory molecules than central lung tissue, which could help explain the increased metabolic disturbance in this region. The use of ω-3 fatty acid supplements of DHA and EPA have been proposed as a method for combating severe COVID-19 64,66,67 , but double-blind clinical studies investigating this treatment method either do not have publicly available results or have been terminated due to difficulty with patient enrollment. [68][69][70] Infected mice had significantly lower levels of purine nucleosides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 infection unevenly impacts metabolism in the coronal periphery of the lungs

Laro,

Xue,

Zheng

et al. 2024

Preprint

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SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is a highly contagious virus that can lead to hospitalization and death. COVID-19 is characterized by its involvement in the lungs, particularly the lower lobes. To improve patient outcomes and treatment options, a better understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 impacts the body, particularly the lower respiratory system, is required. In this study, we sought to understand the spatial impact of COVID-19 on the lungs of mice infected with mouse-adapted SARS2-N501YMA30. Overall, infection caused a decrease in fatty acids, amino acids, and most eicosanoids. When analyzed by segment, viral loads were highest in central lung tissue, while metabolic disturbance was highest in peripheral tissue. Infected peripheral lung tissue was characterized by lower levels of fatty acids and amino acids when compared to central lung tissue. This study highlights the spatial impacts of SARS-CoV-2 and helps explain why peripheral lung tissue is most damaged by COVID-19.

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“…A recent study in Science found that taurine plays a pivotal role in anti-ageing [ 166 ]. Since marine n-3 PUFA is helpful in reducing the risk of adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection due to potential benefits for improving human immunity [ 167 , 168 ], and low marine n-3 fatty acids highly link to cardiometabolic diseases and deaths [ 169 , 170 ], herein, together with “traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Hot Pot” consisting of “Bark-Flower-Fruit-Grass-Leaf-Nucleolus(seed)-Root”(BFFGLNR) [ 171 ], MNPs with EPA, DHA, and taurine are helpful in improvement of human health as well as the recovery of COVID-19 infection by multiple targets and pathways regulating human immunity and inhibiting inflammation (Graphical Abstract).…”

Section: Mechanisms Linked To Human Immunity and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine natural products and human immunity: novel biomedical resources for anti-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related cardiovascular disease

2024

Nat. Prod. Bioprospect.

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Marine natural products (MNPs) and marine organisms include sea urchin, sea squirts or ascidians, sea cucumbers, sea snake, sponge, soft coral, marine algae, and microalgae. As vital biomedical resources for the discovery of marine drugs, bioactive molecules, and agents, these MNPs have bioactive potentials of antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-diabetic effects, cancer treatment, and improvement of human immunity. This article reviews the role of MNPs on anti-infection of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and its major variants (such as Delta and Omicron) as well as tuberculosis, H. Pylori, and HIV infection, and as promising biomedical resources for infection related cardiovascular disease (irCVD), diabetes, and cancer. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of current MNPs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are also discussed. Since the use of other chemical agents for COVID-19 treatment are associated with some adverse effects in cardiovascular system, MNPs have more therapeutic advantages. Herein, it’s time to protect this ecosystem for better sustainable development in the new era of ocean economy. As huge, novel and promising biomedical resources for anti-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and irCVD, the novel potential mechanisms of MNPs may be through multiple targets and pathways regulating human immunity and inhibiting inflammation. In conclusion, MNPs are worthy of translational research for further clinical application. Graphical Abstract

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Association between blood N-3 fatty acid levels and the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 in the UK Biobank

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

The relationship between omega-3 intake and the severity and symptoms of Covid-19

The relationship between omega-3 intake and the severity and symptoms of Covid-19

SARS-CoV-2 infection unevenly impacts metabolism in the coronal periphery of the lungs

Marine natural products and human immunity: novel biomedical resources for anti-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related cardiovascular disease

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