Association between blood urea nitrogen and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population: a cohort study

Li, Shuna; Y, Cui; Luo, Ze-Yan; Lou, Yanmei; Liao, Minqi; Chen, Hongen; Peng, Xiaolin; Gao, Xu; Zhao, Dan; Xu, Shan; Wang, Li; Ma, Jianping; Chen, Qingshan; Zhao, Ping; Liu, Huina; Zeng, Fangfang

doi:10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0794

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the study of Tsutomu Nishiyama et al on the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on the metabolism of prostate cancer patients, it was found that serum urea nitrogen was measured before and 6 months after ADT treatment, and a signi cant increase in serum urea nitrogen (P = 0.03) was found, so it can be concluded that there is an essential association and role in androgen deprivation for prostate cancer [18]. In addition to this, in the results of Ugur Uyeturk et al who studied serum reticulin levels in prostate cancer patients, it was found that there was a signi cant difference in serum blood urea nitrogen in the prostate cancer group and benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the results showed that blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.001) levels were signi cantly higher in the prostate cancer group than in the prostatic hyperplasia group, and from the results of this article, it can be speculated whether blood urea nitrogen plays a role in the development of prostate cancer plays an important role [19]. Some articles have reported that serum urea nitrogen (BUN) can be used as a prognostic indicator for cardiopulmonary vascular diseases, such as Jihong Fang et al who found that the ratio of urea nitrogen to serum albumin may be a simple and useful prognostic tool for predicting mortality in critically ill patients with acute pulmonary embolism [11,20], and BUN levels have been reported to be positively associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese adults [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Association between serum urea nitrogen levels and prostate-spe cific antigens (NHANES 2003-2010)

Yue

Cheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background There is increasing evidence that serum urea nitrogen may be a risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa) and affects serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations, but direct evidence on the association between PSA and serum urea nitrogen levels in the general population is still lacking. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the association between serum urea nitrogen levels and PSA and PCa. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003–2010) database. We performed multifactorial regression to examine the association between serum urea nitrogen levels and PSA and PCa, followed by subgroup analysis. Results This study included 5256 subjects, and after adjusting for demographic, biological and immunological variables, we observed that there was a threshold for blood urea nitrogen concentration below which each 1 ng/ml increase in serum urea nitrogen was associated with a 0.0325 ng/mL (log2 transformed) (95% CI: 0.0064, 0.0586) increase in PSA concentration, with a P trend less than 0.05 and the difference was statistically significant. Sensitivity analysis using the generalized additive model (GAM) supported a linear association between serum urea nitrogen and serum PSA concentrations when blood urea nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0ng/ml to 6.78ng/ml. Conclusion Serum urea nitrogen was independently and positively correlated with serum PSA concentration when the blood urea nitrogen concentration ranged from 0 ng/ml to 6.78 ng/ml.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Association between serum urea nitrogen levels and prostate-spe cific antigens (NHANES 2003-2010)

Yue

Cheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Based on the epidemiological evidence, a national prospective cohort study including 1,337,452 United States (US) veterans without diabetes conducted by Xie et al concluded that BUN levels were positively associated with the occurrence of diabetes [ 9 ]. Similarly, the association was confirmed in a large Chinese cohort, and elevated BUN levels increased the prevalence of diabetes [ 10 ]. Moreover, Luo et al found BUN levels on admission among patients with intracranial hemorrhage were associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death and 1-year mortality [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

The long-term effects of blood urea nitrogen levels on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Liu,

Xin,

Gan

et al. 2024

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

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Background The long-term effects of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in patients with diabetes remain unknown. Current studies reporting the target BUN level in patients with diabetes are also limited. Hence, this prospective study aimed to explore the relationship of BUN with all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in patients with diabetes. Methods In total, 10,507 participants with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018) were enrolled. The causes and numbers of deaths were determined based on the National Death Index mortality data from the date of NHANES interview until follow-up (December 31, 2019). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) of mortality. Results Of the adult participants with diabetes, 4963 (47.2%) were female. The median (interquartile range) BUN level of participants was 5 (3.93–6.43) mmol/L. After 86,601 person-years of follow-up, 2,441 deaths were documented. After adjusting for variables, the HRs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the highest BUN level group were 1.52 and 1.35, respectively, compared with those in the lowest BUN level group. With a one-unit increment in BUN levels, the HRs of all-cause and CVD mortality rates were 1.07 and 1.08, respectively. The results remained robust when several sensitivity and stratified analyses were performed. Moreover, BUN showed a nonlinear association with all-cause and CVD mortality. Their curves all showed that the inflection points were close to the BUN level of 5 mmol/L. Conclusion BUN had a nonlinear association with all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with diabetes. The inflection point was at 5 mmol/L.

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“…Based on the epidemiological evidence, a national prospective cohort study including 1,337,452 United States (US) veterans without diabetes conducted by Xie et al concluded that BUN levels were positively associated with the occurrence of diabetes (9). Similarly, the association was con rmed in a large Chinese cohort, and elevated BUN levels increased the prevalence of diabetes (10). However, existing prospective studies have not explored the role of BUN in diabetes-related deaths regarding its correlation with long-term outcomes in patients with diabetes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The long-term effects of blood urea nitrogen levels on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: A prospective cohort study

Liu,

Gan,

Xin

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The long-term effects of blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in patients with diabetes remain unknown. Current studies reporting the target BUN level in patients with diabetes are also limited. Hence, this prospective study aimed to explore the relationship of BUN with all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities in patients with diabetes. Methods In total, 10,507 participants with diabetes from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018) were enrolled. The causes and numbers of deaths were determined based on the National Death Index mortality data from the date of NHANES interview until follow-up (December 31, 2019). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) of mortality. Results After 86,601 person-years of follow-up, 2,441 deaths were documented. After adjusting for variables, the HRs of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the highest BUN level group were 1.52 and 1.35, respectively, compared with those in the lowest BUN level group. With a one-unit increment in BUN levels, the HRs of all-cause and CVD mortality rates were 1.07 and 1.08, respectively. The results remained robust when several sensitivity and stratified analyses were performed. Moreover, BUN showed a nonlinear association with all-cause and CVD mortality. Their curves all showed that the inflection points were close to the BUN level of 5 mmol/L. Conclusion BUN had a nonlinear association with all-cause and CVD mortality in diabetes. The inflection point was at 5 mmol/L.

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Association between blood urea nitrogen and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Chinese population: a cohort study

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Association between serum urea nitrogen levels and prostate-spe cific antigens (NHANES 2003-2010)

Association between serum urea nitrogen levels and prostate-spe cific antigens (NHANES 2003-2010)

The long-term effects of blood urea nitrogen levels on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: a prospective cohort study

The long-term effects of blood urea nitrogen levels on cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: A prospective cohort study

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