Association between bullying and major depressive disorder in a psychiatric consultation

Perales-Blum, Laurencia; Juárez-Treviño, Myrthala; Capetillo-Ventura, Nelly; Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, Guillermo; Valdés-Adamchik, M.; Treviño-Treviño, Jaime; Cáceres-Vargas, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.rmu.2015.01.005

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Association between bullying and depression and suicidal ideation has been validated in previous studies [49,50]. In one of these studies, the proportion of youths with depression increased with the frequency of bullying, with 14.8% of those who were frequently bullied coming down with depression, compared with 5.5% of those not bullied who had depression [50].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 78%

Depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates in state tertiary institutions in Lagos Nigeria

et al. 2023

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Background Depression is a common mental illness affecting majority of the world’s population. However, evidence has shown that undergraduates are at an even higher risk compared to the general population, of developing depression due to the various challenges they face during that period. Suicide has been discovered to be the second leading cause of death among young people. Suicide ideation has been proven to be a predictor for not only suicide attempts but also completed suicides. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates in the state tertiary institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. Method This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out among undergraduates in two state tertiary institutions in Lagos, Nigeria using self-administered questionnaire. A total of 750 respondents were recruited using the multistage sampling technique. Data was analysed using SPSS version 27 and the level of significance was set at p -value < 0.05 Results The survey was conducted among undergraduates in the two state tertiary institutions in Lagos State: Lagos State University (48.3%) and Lagos State Polytechnic (51.7%). The mean age of the respondents was 21.5 (2.7) years. Majority of the respondents were females (54%), single (98.1%), Christians (70.3%), and the source of income of majority of the students was parents (72.8%). From the case vignette used in the questionnaire, 47.6% of the respondents were able to correctly identify depression. The prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation in this study was 22.5% and 21.6% respectively. Depression was statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation (p < .001). Risk factors that were statistically significantly associated with depression and suicidal ideation were low self-esteem (p < .001), intake of recreational drugs (p < .001), alcohol dependence (p < .001), and positive history of bullying (p < .001). Conclusion and recommendations The proportion of respondents with good knowledge of depression was not satisfactory. A strong relationship was found between depression and suicidal ideation indicating that people with depression are at a high risk of having suicidal ideation. Risk factors that were associated with depression and suicidal ideation were bullying, low self-esteem, intake of recreational drugs, alcohol dependence, poor academic performance, sexual assault and being hit by a partner. More works need to be done by the government and non-governmental organisations, school administration and parents to increase the awareness on the symptoms and manifestations of depression and reduce the burden created by some of the risk factors identified in this study to combat depression and suicidal ideation.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 78%

Depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates in state tertiary institutions in Lagos Nigeria

et al. 2023

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“…Although some studies have found that boys are more involved in bullying than girls, and that the form of bullying that involves physical aggression is regularly associated with boys, with girls mostly involved in relational aggression (Silva et al, 2013;Finkelhor et al, 2015, Akanni et al, 2020, this has been a traditional belief. Other studies did not find gender-based significant differences in the prevalence or type of bullying (Perales-Blum et al, 2015;Juan et al, 2018;Tang et al, 2020), which suggests that both boys and girls are involved in different forms of bullying.…”

Section: Perspectives In Educationmentioning

confidence: 91%

When bullying victims are also perpetrators: A qualitative study in high schools in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province

2024

Pie

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Whilst traditionally, participation in bullying was understood to refer to being a victim, a bully or a bystander, studies have shown that the prevalence of learners who are both a bully and a victim known as bully-victims is also prevalent both locally and internationally. The aim of the study was to explore and explain reasons why some learners assume the dual roles of victim and perpetrator. A cross-sectional explanatory mixed-method design was used for the study. In the first phase, the Illinois Bully Scale was used to screen for bullying behaviour on a sample of 460 learners, aged 11 to 20 years, with a mean age of 15 years, who attended high schools in a Tshwane District township, Gauteng Province. The learners were categorised as bullying perpetrators, victims, both, or not involved in bullying, based on the scores from the Illinois Bully Scale. A phenomenological hermeneutical method was then used to collect and analyse data from 25 of those with high scores in any of the three categories, namely perpetrators, victims or both as determined using the Illinois Bully Scale. NVivo 14 software was used to conduct a thematic analysis of the data. The focus of this paper is on the perpetrator-victim category, a category of learners that screened positively for being both the perpetrators and victims of bullying. The study found that bullying victims tend to bully those whom they perceive to be weaker than them. Being both a perpetrator and a victim of bullying was found to be as a result of a belief that being a victim of bullying makes one less respectable and bullying others brings back the lost respect. Victims also feel the need to make others suffer the pain of being bullied that they are going through so as not to suffer alone. Victims also bully others as a form of self-protection and defence against being bullied. Furthermore, victims bully those who are weaker than them to get some relief from ethe emotions of anger and frustration that build up as a result of being bullied by a stronger bully against whom they cannot defend themselves. Bullying creates a perpetual cycle of violence as victims view bullying others as justified as it is "paying forward the pain" that they themselves have been subjected to. Early identification and interventions to prevent and manage bullying in schools are required to break the victim-perpetrator cycles.

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“…Mental disorders are among the key global drivers of mortality and morbidity [ 13 , 14 ]. Literature reports mental health challenges, such as anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress, among victims and perpetrators of bullying [ 4 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. The three mental health problems have also been found to be the most common among children and adolescents in South Africa [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Profile of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims and Associated Factors among High School Learners in Tshwane District, South Africa

Shiba

Mokwena

2023

IJERPH

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Although bullying in South African schools remains a current public health and education discussion, the view has been limited to acts of criminality, and not much has been done to identify risk factors for being bullying perpetrators and victims in a school environment. This study used a cross sectional quantitative survey to determine the profile of bullying perpetrators and victims among high school learners in a township in Pretoria. The Illinois Bully Scale was used to screen for bullying perpetration and victimization, whilst the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to screen for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively, among the sample of learners. STATA version 14 was used for data analysis. The sample of 460 consisted of 69% females with a mean age of 15 years. The 73.91% of learners who fitted the categories of bullying consisted of 21.96% victims, 9.57% perpetrators, and 42.39% perpetrator–victims. The Pearson Chi2 test of association found a significant association between being a bullying victim and reported lack of people who loved and cared for the learner. Being a bullying perpetrator was associated with anxiety symptoms of the learner and home alcohol use, while being a perpetrator –victim was associated with lack of family love and care, the school attended, as well as depression and anxiety symptoms. Using multivariate logistic regression, being a perpetrator–victim was associated with depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and home use of alcohol whilst being a perpetrator was associated with lack of anxiety symptoms. The study concluded that anxiety, depression, and the home environment are strongly associated with bullying, and most learners fitted the category of being both perpetrators and victims.

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Association between bullying and major depressive disorder in a psychiatric consultation

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates in state tertiary institutions in Lagos Nigeria

Depression and suicidal ideation among undergraduates in state tertiary institutions in Lagos Nigeria

When bullying victims are also perpetrators: A qualitative study in high schools in Tshwane District, Gauteng Province

The Profile of Bullying Perpetrators and Victims and Associated Factors among High School Learners in Tshwane District, South Africa

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