Association Between Cannabis and Psychosis: Epidemiologic Evidence

Gage, Suzanne H.; Hickman, Matthew; Zammit, Stanley

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.001

Cited by 316 publications

(234 citation statements)

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“…Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis (Gage, Hickman, & Zammit, 2016). An earlier meta‐analysis reported a 40% increase in risk (95% confidence interval [CI] 20–65%) of any psychotic outcome in cannabis users compared with never users (Moore et al., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the odds ratios are different, the wide and largely overlapping confidence intervals for these two odds ratios indicate that the risk of psychosis is similar in the two age groups. It has been recommended that further studies be done to identify high‐risk groups particularly susceptible to the effects of cannabis on psychosis (Gage et al., 2016), such as those who are genetically susceptible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the COMT Val158Met variant association with age of onset of psychosis, adjusting for cannabis use

et al. 2017

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Objective COMT rs4680 (Val158Met) genotype moderates the effect of cannabis on the age of onset of psychosis (AoP). We investigated the association between rs4680 and AoP, after adjusting for relevant covariates, in a Canadian Caucasian sample.MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐nine subjects with psychosis were recruited. AoP, defined as age of DSM‐IV diagnosis was established using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV. Cannabis use data were collected using a self‐report computerized questionnaire. DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyping of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism was done by SNaPshot and TaqMan assays. Logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis results are reported.ResultsIn those who had used cannabis before 20 years of age, rs4680 had a trend level effect on AoP (median AoP: Val/Val < Val/Met < Met/Met 19.37, 20.95, 21.24 years, respectively; log‐rank test p = .051).ConclusionOur data are indicative of the need to further investigate the association between the COMT rs4680 variant and AoP in the context of adolescent cannabis use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the COMT Val158Met variant association with age of onset of psychosis, adjusting for cannabis use

et al. 2017

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“…Cannabis intoxication leads to acute psychosis in many individuals and can produce short-term exacerbations of pre-existing psychotic diseases [31][32][33][34]. Cannabis use also causes symptoms of depersonalization, fear of dying, irrational panic and paranoid ideas which coincide with acute intoxication and remit quickly [35].…”

Section: Studies Show Psychosis and Paranoiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Marijuana Violence and Law

Miller¹,

Oberbarnscheidt²

2017

J Addict Res Ther

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Marijuana is currently a growing risk to the public in the United States. Following expanding public opinion that marijuana provides little risk to health, state and federal legislatures have begun changing laws that will significantly increase accessibility of marijuana. Greater marijuana accessibility, resulting in more use, will lead to increased health risks in all demographic categories across the country. Violence is a well-publicized, prominent risk from the more potent, current marijuana available.We present cases that are highly popularized storylines in which marijuana led to unnecessary violence, health risks, and, in many cases, both. Through the analysis of these cases, we will identify the adverse effects of marijuana use and the role it played in the tragic outcomes in these and other instances. In the analysis of these cases, we found marijuana as the single most common, correlative variable in otherwise diverse populations and circumstances surrounding the association of violence and marijuana.Keywords: Marijuana; Bullying behaviour; Aggression; Intoxication; Cannabis use Cases ReportsMichael Brown robbed a convenience store for a large box of cigarillos to smoke marijuana and assaulted the store clerk. Subsequently, the 18 year old Brown attacked police officer Darren Wilson without provocation, punching him in the face through the window of his police car, and attempting to grab his gun. Wilson shot and killed Brown as he tried to escape in a very agitated, paranoid, confused and aggressive state. Along with the cigarellos, marijuana was found in Brown's system at the time of death [1].

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“…In particular cannabis and cocaine use by young people has been increased during these years, and the age of first use is dramatically decreased [1,2]. However, cannabis, or marijuana, is the most common illegal substances used in the most of the countries, including UK and USA.…”

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confidence: 99%

Drug Induced Psychosis or Schizophrenia?

Mauri¹

2016

Dual Diagn Open Acc

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EditorialCannabis, cocaine, amphetamines and derivative substances so as hallucinogens and other drugs with psychotomimetic properties has reached an extensive misuse often producing psychotic reactions similar to primary psychotic disease like schizophrenia. In particular cannabis and cocaine use by young people has been increased during these years, and the age of first use is dramatically decreased [1,2]. However, cannabis, or marijuana, is the most common illegal substances used in the most of the countries, including UK and USA. About 20% of young people now report its use every week or heavy use (use on major than 100 occasions). The use of such substances has dramatically increased particularly during early adolescence, when the brains go through a developing phase and can be especially sensitive to environmental exposures. Experimental studies and surveys of users show strong evidence that cannabis intoxication can initially produce temporary effects, usually mild, but also psychotic and affective symptoms and with time it can induce a chronic psychopathological picture that can persist, or can occur independently of acute intoxication effects [3].On the other hand cannabis is on sale, at present, in a more potent form and synthetic compounds, also known as "new psychoactive substances" increasing globally and the phenomena may be under valuated. Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) result among the most new psychoactive substances used. They are usually purchased as marijuana-like drugs, marketed as herbal blends and considered risk-free by the inexperienced users. Furthermore, contrary to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, SCs may lead more frequently to severe health consequences like tachycardia, anxiety, hallucinations, including violent behaviour and psychosis. Reports suggest that SCs may either exacerbate previously chronic psychotic symptoms at least in sensible individuals or trigger new-onset psychosis in individuals with no previous history of psychosis [4,5].As a whole, preclinical data seem to support the hypothesis that adolescent exposure to cannabinoids might represent a great risk for the development of psychotic-like symptoms in adulthood since it interferes with maturational events occurring in the adolescent brain. This can leads to alterations affecting brain connectivity and functionality similar to those present in schizophrenic patients. The most likely mechanism underlying these effects involves the disruption of maturational events within the endocannabinoid system. Indeed, the impairment of the endocannabinoid system maturation might have an impact on the correct neuronal evolution peculiar of the adolescent brain leading to altered adult brain functionality and behavior.In particular cannabis derivatives produce their CNS effect through activation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system, a recently discovered signaling system comprising the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, their intrinsic lipid ligands, endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as the Narachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) and the 2-ar...

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Association Between Cannabis and Psychosis: Epidemiologic Evidence

Abstract: Commentary on Imtiaz et al. (2016): The burden of disease attributable to cannabis-implications for policy The contribution that current patterns of cannabis use make to the burden of disease is very useful information, but it cannot decide policy. commentary.

Cited by 316 publications

References 72 publications

Investigation of the COMT Val158Met variant association with age of onset of psychosis, adjusting for cannabis use

Investigation of the COMT Val158Met variant association with age of onset of psychosis, adjusting for cannabis use

Marijuana Violence and Law

Drug Induced Psychosis or Schizophrenia?

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