Association between CD4+ Lymphocyte Count and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Geometry in Newly Diagnosed Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Naive HIV/AIDS Patients Seen at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Mankwe, Abaram Chesa; Odia, Osaretan J.

doi:10.4172/2329-9517.1000295

Cited by 2 publications

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“…This indicates that this association depends on HIV-related factors, rather than ART use. This is in accordance to previous studies in both high-income settings and SSA that found a higher LVM index in PLHIV compared to HIV-negative controls [ 9 , 38 , 39 , 44 , 45 ]. Both higher immune activation and increased atherosclerotic processes have been proposed as a possible cause of the increase in LVM in PLHIV, in addition to conventional risk factors like obesity and hypertension [ 44 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Multiple studies, both in high-income countries and SSA, have reported higher rates of diastolic dysfunction in PLHIV compared to HIV-negative people [ 37 – 39 ], and this has been associated with HIV-related factors like nadir CD4 cell count [ 40 ]. Diastolic function, as evaluated with E/A ratio and LA volume, did not differ between the groups in our study following adjustment for age and sex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in urban African people living with HIV in South Africa

et al. 2021

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Background Studies from high income countries report that HIV-positive people have an impaired systolic and diastolic cardiac function compared to HIV-negative people. It is unclear if results can be translated directly to the Sub-Saharan Africa context. This study assesses electro- and echocardiographic characteristics in an urban African population, comparing HIV-positive people (treated and not yet treated) with HIV-negative controls. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Johannesburg, South Africa. We enrolled HIV-positive participants from three randomized controlled trials that had recruited participants from routine HIV testing programs. HIV-negative controls were recruited from the community. Data were collected on demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, medical history and electrocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics. Results In total, 394 HIV-positive participants and 153 controls were enrolled. The mean age of HIV-positive participants was 40±9 years (controls: 35±10 years), and 34% were male (controls: 50%). Of HIV-positive participants 36% were overweight or obese (controls: 44%), 23% had hypertension (controls: 28%) and 12% were current smoker (controls: 37%). Median time since HIV diagnosis was 6.0 years (IQR 2.3–10.0) and median treatment duration was 4.0 years (IQR 0.0–8.0), 50% had undetectable viral load. The frequency of anatomical cardiac abnormalities was low and did not differ between people with and without HIV. We observed no relation between HIV or anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and systolic or diastolic heart function. There was an association between ART use and corrected QT interval: +11.8 ms compared to HIV-negative controls (p<0.01) and +18.9 ms compared to ART-naïve participants (p = 0.01). We also observed a higher left ventricular mass index in participants on ART (+7.8 g/m2, p<0.01), but this association disappeared after adjusting for CD4 cell count, viral load and HIV-duration. Conclusion The low number of major cardiac abnormalities in this relatively young, well managed urban African HIV-positive population is reassuring. The increase in corrected QT interval and left ventricular mass may contribute to higher cardiac mortality and morbidity in people living with HIV in the long term.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in urban African people living with HIV in South Africa

et al. 2021

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Predictors of echocardiographic abnormalities among people living with hiv on anti-retroviral therapy in Kumasi, Ghana

Ogyefo,

Owusu,

Minkah

et al. 2024

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Cardiac abnormalities are common among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Echocardiograms represent a useful modality in determining cardiac abnormalities among PLWH. In Ghana, the predictors of echocardiographic abnormalities have not been extensively elucidated. This study was designed to determine HIV-specific and traditional risk factors associated with echocardiographic abnormalities among PLWH on ART. Methods One-hundred and seventeen (117) PLWH attending the HIV clinic at the Komfo Anokey Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi were consecutively recruited between March and August 2021. Age and sex-matched control group of 117 individuals who were HIV-negative blood donors were recruited. Relevant baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from all participants using a standardized questionnaire. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for all participants and the predictors of echocardiographic abnormalities were determined using binary logistic regression modelling. Results Increasing age (aOR = 5.8; 95% CI, 3.4–9.8; p = 0.04), female gender compared to male gender (aOR = 4.8; 95% CI, 2.4–9.4; p = 0.033), and viral load > 50 copies/mL compared to viral load ≤ 50 copies/ml or undetectable (aOR = 4.4; 95% CI, 2.2–9.0; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the presence of echocardiographic abnormalities. Conclusion Markers of immunosuppression such as HIV viral load > 50 copies/ml and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as increasing age and female gender were useful in predicting cardiac abnormalities among PLWH in this Ghanaian study. HIV disease and traditional cardiac risk factors must be recognized and aggressively managed to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among PLWH especially among females given the faster progression to AIDS even at similar levels of viremia compared to males. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-024-10246-x.

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Association between CD4+ Lymphocyte Count and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function and Geometry in Newly Diagnosed Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Naive HIV/AIDS Patients Seen at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Cited by 2 publications

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Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in urban African people living with HIV in South Africa

Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in urban African people living with HIV in South Africa

Predictors of echocardiographic abnormalities among people living with hiv on anti-retroviral therapy in Kumasi, Ghana

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