Association between chronotype, tobacco use or alcohol use, and high-risk drinking by age group: The Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (VII: 2016-2017)

Chronotype, Social Jetlag, and Nicotine Use

“…Our study contributes to this by further investigating the relationship between smoking and circadian sleep-wake behavior. Previous studies reported a higher prevalence of smoking among late chronotypes, that is, people whose circadian clocks synchronize late in reference to the light-dark cycle ( Adan, 1994 ; Antypa et al, 2016 ; Fabbian et al, 2016 ; Kwon and Lee, 2022 ; Suh et al, 2017 ; Wittmann et al, 2006 ). In these studies, chronotype was assessed either via the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), which evaluates chronotype as the phase-relationship between individual circadian system and signals of the cyclic environment (zeitgebers) ( Roenneberg et al, 2003 ), or the Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire, which is a psychological assessment of diurnal preference ( Horne and Ostberg, 1976 ).…”