Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly

Abstract

Although previous studies have examined the relationship between smoking and physical fitness, they only considered current smoking status and the same fitness measurements regardless of age. This study investigated differences in physical fitness based on tobacco smoking habits. A total of 2830 non-elderly adults (NEA; 19–64 years) and 629 elderly (65–89 years) participated in the study, using data extracted from a Korean national database. One-way ANCOVA and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the results. The subjects were classified into three groups (smokers, those who had quit, and never-smokers). In NEA men, a significant difference was observed in 50-m dash (p = 0.003) and 20-m shuttle-run (p < 0.001), while in elderly men differences were only seen in sit-ups (p = 0.015). In the case of NEA and elderly women, no significant differences were observed in physical fitness levels (p > 0.05). The decreased fitness level due to smoking was more noticeable in men than in women, and in NEA more than in elderly persons. A non-smoking policy and customized training based on age or gender are necessary to increase fitness and improve health conditions.

Associations between cigarette smoking status and health-related physical fitness performance in male Taiwanese adults

“…Kumar et al reported that nonsmoker athletes had higher flexibility than smokers ( 35 ). In contrast, previous studies found no differences in flexibility between smoking and nonsmoking men ( 20 , 36 ). In the present study, current smoker exhibited a lower performance in 3-min step, 1-min sit-up and sit-and-reach tests when compared with never smoker.…”

“…Notably, a previous study suggested that abstinence from smoking may increase VO 2 max performance in males ( 28 ). Jeon et al ( 20 ) shown that quitting smoking were reverse the effects of smoking on the repetitions of 20-m shuttle run, but not on 50-m sprint, grip strength, 1-min sit-up and sit-and-reach tests in young adults. In the present study, we found that former smoker had the highest performance in 3-min step test among all groups.…”

“…A study shown that the use of properly adjusted confounding factors (e.g., gender, health status, occupation, and education) is necessary to avoid overestimate or underestimate the real magnitude of an association, thereby preventing bias and distortion ( 19 ). In addition, quitting smoking increased the repetitions of 20-m shuttle run, but it had no beneficial effects on 50-m sprint, grip strength, 1-min sit-up and sit-and-reach performance in Korean young adults ( 20 ).…”

Smoking a Dangerous Addiction: A Systematic Review on an Underrated Risk Factor for Oral Diseases

“…Even though tobacco use has decreased in many high-income countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom, it is growing in many low- and middle-income countries [ 11 , 35 ]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are more than 1.1 billion smokers throughout the world, with more than 80% of them residing in low- and middle-income countries [ 49 ]. After nonsurgical periodontal treatment, Varghese et al (2020) studied the salivary 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in smokers and nonsmokers with CP.…”

Características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida y frecuencia de consumo de alimentos asociados al rendimiento físico en corredores amateurs (Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits and frequency of food consumption associated with physical performance in amateur runners)

“…Del mismo modo, los comportamientos de riesgo para la salud pueden impactar de manera negativa en el rendimiento físico. Por ejemplo, hallazgos anteriores han documentado que los niveles de rendimiento físico están asociados con el consumo de tabaco (Chaabane et al, 2016;Hashizume et al, 1999;Jeon et al, 2021), consumo de alcohol (Courtney et al, 2022) y pérdida de sueño (Fullagar et al, 2015;Sheikholeslami et al, 2018).…”