Association between composite lifestyle factors and cardiometabolic multimorbidity in Chongqing, China: A cross-sectional exploratory study in people over 45 years and older

Abstract

IntroductionModifiable lifestyle factors are considered key to the control of cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to explore the association between multiple lifestyle factors and cardiometabolic multimorbidity.MethodsA total of 14,968 participants were included in this cross-sectional exploratory study (mean age 54.33 years, range 45–91; 49.6% male). Pearson's Chi-square test, logistic regression, and latent class analysis were employed.ResultsWe found that men with 4–5 high-risk lifestyle factors had a 2.54-fold higher risk (95% CI: 1.60–4.04) of developing multimorbidity compared to males with zero high-risk lifestyle factors. In an analysis of dietary behavior, we found that in women compared to men, over-eating (OR = 1.94, P < 0.001) and intra-meal water drinking (OR = 2.15, P < 0.001) were more likely to contribute to the development of cardiometabolic multimorbidity. In an analysis of taste preferences, men may be more sensitive to the effect of taste preferences and cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk, particularly for smoky (OR = 1.71, P < 0.001), hot (OR = 1.62, P < 0.001), and spicy (OR = 1.38, P < 0.001) tastes. Furthermore, “smoking and physical activity” and “physical activity and alcohol consumption” were men's most common high-risk lifestyle patterns. “Physical activity and dietary intake” were women's most common high-risk lifestyle patterns. A total of four common high-risk dietary behavior patterns were found in both males and females.ConclusionsThis research reveals that the likelihood of cardiometabolic multimorbidity increases as high-risk lifestyle factors accumulate. Taste preferences and unhealthy dietary behaviors were found to be associated with an increased risk of developing cardiometabolic multimorbidity and this association differed between genders. Several common lifestyle and dietary behavior patterns suggest that patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity may achieve better health outcomes if those with certain high-risk lifestyle patterns are identified and managed.

Association of adiposity indicators with cardiometabolic multimorbidity risk in hypertensive patients: a large cross-sectional study

“…Long-term exposure to high level of cortisol may disrupt glucose homeostasis, induce insulin resistance, elevate blood pressure, and increase triglyceride levels, ultimately leading to the development of CMM ( 61 , 62 ). Finally, individuals with obesity often adopt unhealthy lifestyles, including physical inactivity, excessive calorie intake, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption, all of which are recognized risk factors for CMM ( 63 , 64 ). Our study demonstrated a positive association of CMI, LAP, VAI, and CVAI with CMM, suggesting that these adiposity indicators could potentially serve as simple and effective markers for assessing CMM risk.…”

Nutrient intake and risk of multimorbidity: a prospective cohort study of 25,389 women

“…Currently, research on the relationship between nutrition (such as dietary patterns, consumed main foods, nutrient intake) and multimorbidity has been reported in several studies. A cross-sectional exploratory study from China reported that unhealthy dietary behaviors such as over-eating and intra-meal water drinking were linked to an increased risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity [ 13 ]. Another cross-sectional study conducted in the Netherlands found that adults with cardiometabolic multimorbidity consumed more meat and snacks [ 14 ].…”