Association Between Cumulative Exposure to Increased Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Intracranial atherosclerosis has gained increasing attention due to the high risk of recurrent clinical or subclinical ischemic events, while the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) measured at a single time point and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is inconsistent. This study aims to assess the association between cumulative exposure to increased LDL-C and the prevalence of asymptomatic ICAS.Methods: The Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study was investigated on the epidemiology of asymptomatic polyvascular abnormalities in Chinese adults. In this study, we included 4,523 participants with LDL-C measured at 3 examinations in 2006, 2008, and 2010. Cumulative exposure to increased LDL-C was calculated as following: LDL-C burden2006−2008 = [(LDL-C2006-1.8) + (LDL-C2008-1.8)]/2 * time2006−2008; LDL-C burden = LDL-C burden2006−2008 + LDL-C burden2008−2010. Transcranial doppler ultrasonography was performed in 2010 to detecting the ICAS.Results: Of the 4,347 patients, 13.3% (580/4,347) were diagnosed with ICAS. In univariate analysis, the association between LDL-C burden and ICAS prevalence was significant, the odds ratios (95% confidence interval) from the lowest to the highest quartile were 1 (reference), 1.30 (0.99–1.70), 1.32 (1.01–1.73), and 2.14 (1.66–2.75), respectively (P < 0.05). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, the same result was reached.Conclusions: Cumulative exposure to increased LDL-C is concentration-dependently associated with increased prevalence of asymptomatic ICAS, especially in those under the age of 65 y or free of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia.

Effects of chemerin and homocysteine levels and their associations with occurrence and development of ischemic cerebrovascular disease

“…The possible mechanisms of Hcy and ICVD are as follows: (1) Hcy is able to damage vascular endothelium; (2) Hcy can stimulate the abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells; (3) Hcy can cause platelet aggregation, change blood viscosity and increase blood coagulation; (4) Hcy is able to enhance the peroxidation of LDL-C, increase the production of LDL-C, accelerate the progression of atherosclerosis, hence aggravate the condition of ICVD [ 22 ]. Kang et al [ 23 ] showed that LDL-C and transcranial Doppler (TCD) detection can predict the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which has high application value for early diagnosis and intervention of ICVD. Liu et al [ 24 ] documented that the serum chemerin expression level was increased in patients with acute cerebral infarction, which can be used as a biological diagnostic marker for acute cerebral infarction.…”

Time course of serum uric acid accumulation and the risk of diabetes mellitus

“…Hyperuricemia was defined as a SUA level ≥420 μmol/L for men and ≥360 μmol/L for women [ 24 ], which was the cutoff in the formula. If the values of the cumulative burdens between 2 consecutive examinations were less than 0 this value would be considered as 0 [ 25 ].…”

Association of the time course of Chinese visceral adiposity index accumulation with cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension

“…This research determined the cutoff value for the receiver operating characteristic curve (110.6) using R software ( www.r-project.org ). The value was considered 0 when the values between two consecutive examinations were < 0, as described previously [ 19 ].…”