Association between depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality among pregnant women in Northern Rural Bangladesh: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Adequate good quality of sleep is essential for physical fitness during pregnancy as well as being a depressive symptoms-free mind. However, there is little evidence of the relationship between depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality among pregnant women in Bangladesh. This study aimed to find the association between depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality among pregnant women in northern rural Bangladesh. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2021 to June 2021 among 481 pregnant women tested positive in the pregnancy test of Jaldhaka and Dimla Upazila of Nilphamari district, Rangpur Division. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire including socio-demographic conditions, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms, comprising the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (PHQ-9). Results 8.94% of the women had depressive symptoms, whereas 38.88% of the participants were bad sleepers. However, women who had depressive symptoms [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.55; 95% CI 1.33-4.9] and educational qualifications above 10 years [AOR = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.39-0.92] were associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusions A higher percentage of pregnant women had poor sleep quality, whereas depressive symptoms and academic background of the participants were significantly associated with poor sleep quality. Ensuring adequate sleep time and better quality could be helpful to prevent depressive symptoms.

A two-mediator serial mediation chain of the association between social isolation and impaired sleep in old age

“…The analysis found that loneliness could positively correlate with mental distress, suggesting that individuals who feel lonely are more likely to experience mental distress. This finding supports previous observations 32 , 59 . Social isolation adversely affects mental health in many ways.…”

“…In addition, two systematic reviews of nine and 51 studies each concluded that mental health problems such as depression and anxiety increase sleep disturbance 28,29 . In turn, loneliness and mental distress have been shown in multiple crosssectional and longitudinal studies to be associated with an increased risk of poor sleep, although the relationship could be bidirectional [30][31][32] . Thus, there is a possibility that poor sleep quality may lead to loneliness and social isolation, particularly in later life.…”

Sleep in pregnancy quarters: a longitudinal study

“…As of second gestational trimester, complaints related to sleep increase: orthopnea, inguinal pain, cramps, uncomfortable position, urinary urgency, nightmares, and unsatisfactory night rest are the main ones. In the third trimester, there is a worsening of complaints compared to other gestational periods (19) .…”

O sono nos trimestres gestacionais: um estudo longitudinal

“…A partir do segundo trimestre gestacional, as queixas relacionadas ao sono aumentam: ortopneia, dor inguinal, cólicas, posição desconfortável, urgência urinária, pesadelos e repouso noturno insatisfatório são as principais. No terceiro trimestre, há piora das queixas em relação a outros períodos gestacionais (19) .…”