Association between Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the Serum and Adipose Tissue with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

The number of diabetics is growing every day. In addition to the main risk factors of type 2 diabetes (obesity, age and etc.) other environmental risk factors such as persistent organic pollutants are also considered. Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene is one of the persistent organic pollutants which are produced by the pesticide DDT metabolized and its effects of type 2 diabetes are taken into consideration of many investigators. Inconsistency in the results caused to try to achieve a detailed assessment of the effect of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene on type 2 diabetes by systematic review and meta-analysis. In this review study after a systematic review, finally 6 prospective and 7 cross-sectional studies were obtained. After approving the heterogeneity of the studies based on random effect model, it was calculate the mean of odds ratio. Meta-analysis of the pooled random effects of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene was done with type 2 diabetes in prospective and cross-sectional studies. In prospective studies, the highest and lowest odds ratio was 6.1 (95%CI: 1.36-27.27) and 1.01 (95%CI: 0.59-1.70) and cross-sectional studies was 5.5 (95%CI: 1.2-25.10) and 0.61 (95%CI: 0.32-1.15), respectively. In the all studies (sum of prospective and cross-sectional), in the random effect model odds ratio was 1.52 (95%CI: 1.26-1.84) and heterogeneity was 52.1% (ρ heterogeneity =0.009). Increasing concentration of Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene in the serum and adipose tissue increased the risk of type 2 diabetes significantly (P<0.001). The results of this review study support the role of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene as an environmental risk factor for type 2 diabetes.