Association between dietary branched-chain amino acid intake and skeletal muscle mass index among Korean adults: Interaction with obesity

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), including isoleucine, leucine, and valine, promote muscle protein synthesis. However, obesity may interfere with protein synthesis by dysregulating mitochondrial function in the muscles. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary intake levels of BCAA and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in middle-aged participants, and the effect of obesity/abdominal obesity on this association. SUBJECTS/METHODS The data of 3,966 men and women aged 50–64 years who participated in the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Intake levels of energy-adjusted dietary amino acids were obtained using a 24-hour dietary recall. SMI was calculated by dividing the appendicular skeletal muscle mass by body weight (kg) and multiplying the result by 100%. Multivariable general linear models were used to analyze the association of dietary BCAA intake levels with SMI. RESULTS The beneficial effects of energy-adjusted dietary BCAA intakes on SMI were greater in the non-obesity/non-abdominal obesity groups; however, no significant associations were observed in the obesity/abdominal obesity groups ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Healthy weight and sufficient intake of dietary BCAA are recommended to maintain muscle mass.

Influence of body composition assessment with bioelectrical impedance vector analysis in cancer patients undergoing surgery

“…Therefore, lower levels of muscle associated with longer length of stay, higher risk of postsurgical complications and mortality ( 30 ), as well as lead to local and systemic inflammation ( 31 ), which may enhance catabolism, lead to ongoing muscle loss in cancer patients and associations with cancer survival ( 32 , 33 ). Supplementation with whey protein, branched-chain amino acid, and vitamin D is not only beneficial for maintaining muscle mass ( 34 ), in conjunction with age-appropriate exercise, but also boosts FFM and strength that contribute to well-being in patients ( 35 ).…”

The Effect of Leucine Supplementation on Sarcopenia-Related Measures in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 17 Randomized Controlled Trials

“…Moreover, leucine can influence proteolysis by inhibiting associated catabolic transcription factors (e.g., FoxO3) (44). A previous study by Chae et al has observed a positive correlation between daily leucine intake and skeletal muscle mass index in middle-aged individuals, skeletal muscle mass index increased by 0.29%, when each 1g/day increased in leucine (45). Similarly, the study by Lixandrão et al showed there was a moderate and positive association between total daily leucine intake (g/day) and both quadriceps muscle crosssectional area (β = 1.7) and maximum dynamic muscle strength (β = 2.4) (When the leucine dose changes by one unit, maximum dynamic muscle strength and muscle cross-sectional area change by β units) (46).…”

Association between Branched-Chain Amino Acid Intake and Physical Function among Chinese Community-Dwelling Elderly Residents

“…Regarding specific amino acids, a null association of all three BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) with all four physical function indicators was found in separate analyses. However, leucine improves physical function in the elderly population by promoting the synthesis of skeletal muscle [ 26 ]. A low serum concentration of leucine was associated with decreased muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults [ 15 ].…”

“…Mean differences (MDs) and changes in characteristics among subjects according to the BCAA quartiles were detected by using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables. Three multivariate linear regression models were developed for the association analysis: based on the crude model that did not adjust for any confounders, Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 was further adjusted for BMI, smoking and drinking status, diabetes, and hypertension [ 26 ]; and Model 3 was adjusted for covariates in Model 2 plus soluble fiber intake level [ 27 ]. p for the linear trend was calculated by treating quartiles as continuous variables.…”