Association between dietary glycemic index, glycemic load, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein

Abstract

Objective: This study examined the relation between quality of dietary carbohydrate intake, as measured by glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL), and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. Methods: During a 1-y observational study, data were collected at baseline and at each quarter thereafter. GI and GL were calculated from multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs), 3 randomly selected 24HRs at every quarter, with up to 15 24HRs per participant. The hs-CRP was measured in blood samples collected at baseline and each of the four quarterly measurement points. Multivariable linear mixed models were used to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of GI, GL, and hs-CRP. Results: Among 582 adult men and women with at least two measurements of diet and hs-CRP, average daily GI score (white bread ϭ 100) was 85 and average GL was 198, and average hs-CRP was 1.84 mg/L. Overall, there was no association between GI or GL and hs-CRP. Subgroup analyses revealed an inverse association between GL and hs-CRP among obese individuals (body mass index Ն30 kg/m 2 ). Conclusion: Quality of dietary carbohydrates does not appear to be associated with serum hs-CRP levels. Among obese individuals, higher dietary GL appears to be related to lower hs-CRP levels. Due to the limited number of studies on this topic and their conflicting results, further investigation is warranted.

Maternal Diet, C-Reactive Protein, and the Outcome of Pregnancy

“…Prior observational studies suggested that diets high in red meat, fatty dairy products, and refined carbohydrates were associated with increased CRP [5,31], while diets high in fiber correlated with lower levels [7,31]. Some [6,28] but not all [32,33] investigators reported that a high dietary glycemic index or load was associated with increased CRP, a relationship one study found only among the women [34]. When cholesterol intakes were increased for individuals on a National Cholesterol Education Step 1 diet, CRP levels rose in the lean participants with normal glucose tolerance but not in others [35].…”

Change in Hemoglobin A1c and C‐Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus

“…Another exercise‐based intervention was unable to demonstrate any reduction in CRP in diabetic or nondiabetic men despite reductions in waist circumference 24 . One recent study measuring dietary carbohydrate intake also observed no association between glycemic index or glycemic load and CRP 25 . Results from these studies question the responsiveness of CRP to follow changes in cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes.…”

“…24 One recent study measuring dietary carbohydrate intake also observed no association between glycemic index or glycemic load and CRP. 25 Results from these studies question the responsiveness of CRP to follow changes in cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes. Our study has several limitations.…”

The relationships between glycemic index and glycemic load of diets and nutritional status and antioxidant/oxidant status in the serum of patients with lung cancer

“…39 Despite the undeniable role of insulin, IGF and IGFBPs in lung cancerogenesis, an altered antioxidant/oxidant status related to a high GI and/or high GL also seems to be important in lung cancer management, also due to the fact that a large cohort study on a healthy population did not find any association between hs-CRP (an indicator of systemic inflammation) and GI or GL, which showed that another mechanism (other than a pro-inflammatory one) may be linked with metabolic alterations and a high GI or GL of diets. 41 Therefore, finding potential relationships between them in a population with lung cancer may provide additional data on the pathogenesis of this disease.…”