Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity

Wang, Yoko Brigitte; Shivappa, Nitin; Hébert, James R.; Page, Amanda J.; Gill, Tiffany K.; Melaku, Yohannes Adama

doi:10.3390/nu13051536

Cited by 53 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, following a plant-based diet can be healthy and sustainable as it tends to create lower GHGE emissions [31,35], as well as being associated with a lower risk of obesity. A prospective study [36] that evaluated a Plant-Based Dietary Index (PDI) with obesity, suggested that the consumption of more plant-based foods and limiting animal-based diets might reduce the risk of obesity [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Planetary Health Diet Index and Obesity Indicators in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

et al. 2021

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The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a model diet to improve the health of human beings and that of the planet. Recently, we proposed the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) to assess adherence of the population to this model diet. In this study, we aimed to evaluate adherence to the PHDI and obesity outcomes using baseline data from 14,515 participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). The dietary data were assessed using a 114-item FFQ. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were both used continuously and categorized. Linear and multinomial regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors were performed to assess the relationship between adherence to PHDI and outcomes. An inverse association was observed between adherence to PHDI and obesity indicators. Individuals with high adherence to the PHDI had lower BMI (β−0.50 95% CI−0.73:−0.27) and WC (β−1.70 95% CI−2.28:−1.12) values. They were also 24% less likely to be overweight (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.67:0.85) or obese (OR 0.76 95% CI 0.65:0.88), and they were 14% and 27% less likely to have increased WC (OR 0.86 95% CI 0.75:0.98) or substantially increased WC (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.64:0.83) than those with lower adherence. Our results showed that higher adherence to the PHDI may decrease obesity indicators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Planetary Health Diet Index and Obesity Indicators in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

et al. 2021

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“…In Japan, even in the most Westernized pattern group (Q4), the daily intake of meat was only 73 g compared with that of the prudent group (46 g) [ 65 ], compared to 115 g in the U.S. ( Figure 9 ). The longitudinal relationships between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity were investigated in Australia, where dietary habits and the incidence of obesity are close to those in the U.S. [ 66 ]. The dietary inflammatory index (DII), plant-based dietary index (PDI), and factor-derived dietary pattern scores have been computed based on food frequency questionnaire data [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longitudinal relationships between different diet indices and dietary patterns with the risk of obesity were investigated in Australia, where dietary habits and the incidence of obesity are close to those in the U.S. [ 66 ]. The dietary inflammatory index (DII), plant-based dietary index (PDI), and factor-derived dietary pattern scores have been computed based on food frequency questionnaire data [ 66 ]. In the adjusted model, the results of a multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RR Q5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96) and healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dietary inflammatory index (DII), plant-based dietary index (PDI), and factor-derived dietary pattern scores have been computed based on food frequency questionnaire data [ 66 ]. In the adjusted model, the results of a multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RR Q5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96) and healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk [ 66 ]. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95 %CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08), and an unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95%CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with an increased risk of obesity [ 66 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the adjusted model, the results of a multivariable log-binomial logistic regression showed that a prudent dietary pattern (RR Q5 vs. Q1 = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15–0.96) and healthy PDI (RR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.12–0.77) and overall PDI (RR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.23–1.33) were inversely associated with obesity risk [ 66 ]. Conversely, the DII (RR = 1.59; 95 %CI: 0.72–3.50), a Western dietary pattern (RR = 2.16; 95% CI: 0.76–6.08), and an unhealthy PDI (RR = 1.94; 95%CI: 0.81–4.66) were associated with an increased risk of obesity [ 66 ]. The average DII of the Western diet is 1.52 (0.68–3.41) [ 66 ], whereas that of the Japanese diet is only 0.82 ± 1.75 [ 67 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Nutritional Intakes in Japan and the United States on COVID-19 Infection

Kagawa

2022

Nutrients

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The U.S. and Japan are both democratic industrialized societies, but the numbers of COVID-19 cases and deaths per million people in the U.S. (including Japanese Americans) are 12.1-times and 17.4-times higher, respectively, than those in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diet on preventing COVID-19 infection. An analysis of dietary intake and the prevalence of obesity in the populations of both countries was performed, and their effects on COVID-19 infection were examined. Approximately 1.5-times more saturated fat and less eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid are consumed in the U.S. than in Japan. Compared with food intakes in Japan (100%), those in the U.S. were as follows: beef 396%, sugar and sweeteners 235%, fish 44.3%, rice 11.5%, soybeans 0.5%, and tea 54.7%. The last four of these foods contain functional substances that prevent COVID-19. The prevalence of obesity is 7.4- and 10-times greater in the U.S. than in Japan for males and females, respectively. Mendelian randomization established a causal relationship between obesity and COVID-19 infection. Large differences in nutrient intakes and the prevalence of obesity, but not racial differences, may be partly responsible for differences in the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 between the U.S. and Japan.

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Plant‐based dietary patterns and genetic susceptibility to obesity in the CARTaGENE cohort

Masip,

Attar,

Nielsen

2023

Obesity

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ObjectiveThe study's objective was to examine whether adherence to three plant‐based dietary indices (PDIs) mediated or moderated genetic susceptibility to obesity.MethodsBaseline participants were 7037 adults (57% women, aged 55.6 ± 7.7 years) from the CARTaGENE cohort of Quebec adults. Two polygenic risk scores for BMI (PRS‐BMI), 92 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and 2 million single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, and three plant‐based scores were calculated (overall, healthy, and unhealthy). Follow‐up participants were 2258 adults with data on obesity outcomes, measured 6 years later. General linear models were used to examine the relationships between PRSs and PDI scores on obesity outcomes. Causal mediation analyses were conducted to assess mediation and interaction models.ResultsThe overall‐ and healthy‐PDIs and PRSs were significantly associated with obesity outcomes. Adherence to PDIs did not mediate or moderate genetic susceptibility to obesity. Associations between PRSs and obesity outcomes were partly mediated by meat intake cross‐sectionally and whole grains intake among males both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Higher meat intake had a positive association with obesity outcomes, whereas higher whole grains intake had an inverse association.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that components of a plant‐based diet and a shift away from animal products, specifically meat, might be beneficial for nutrition interventions, particularly among individuals with higher genetic risk of obesity.

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Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Dietary Patterns, Plant-Based Dietary Index and the Risk of Obesity

Cited by 53 publications

References 64 publications

Adherence to the Planetary Health Diet Index and Obesity Indicators in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Adherence to the Planetary Health Diet Index and Obesity Indicators in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)

Influence of Nutritional Intakes in Japan and the United States on COVID-19 Infection

Plant‐based dietary patterns and genetic susceptibility to obesity in the CARTaGENE cohort

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