Association between dietary inflammatory index and components of metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Introduction: Limited data are available on the association of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components. The present study was conducted to investigate the association of DII with MetS and its components among Iranian adults. <br /> Methods: A total of 404 subjects, aged 18 years or older, were included in the current cross-sectional study. We used a validated and reliable 147-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intakes. Fasting blood sample was obtained to quantify glycemic indicators and lipid profile. MetS was defined based on the guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). <br /> Results: Mean age of study participants was 38.20 ± 9.55 years. No significant association was found between DII and odds of MetS (odds ratio [OR]: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.48-1.76). In terms of MetS components, a significant positive association was seen between DII scores and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.32-3.97); such that after controlling for energy intake, demographic variables and BMI, participants in the highest category of DII had 2.71 times greater odds for having reduced levels of HDL-C (OR: 2.71, 95% CIs: 1.34, 5.47). There was no other significant association between other components of MetS and DII scores either before or after adjusting for confounding variables.<br /> Conclusion: We observed no significant association between DII and odds of MetS. However, higher score of DII was associated with lower levels of HDL.

Dietary Inflammatory Index and Cardiometabolic Risk in Ecuadorian Women

“…Our findings on the association of E-DII scores with MetS and/or cardiometabolic risk components in Ecuadorian women are consistent with some but not studies that reported on women or stratified their results by sex in non-Latin American populations. For example, our findings on the relationship of E-DII scores with MetS concur with those published on women participants in a South Korean study [ 29 ] but differ from the lack of association reported for other South Korean [ 32 ] or Chinese women [ 30 ]. They also are in agreement with those studies identifying a positive association between E-DII scores and waist size [ 28 , 29 ] or fasting blood triglycerides [ 29 ] in women from Spain and/or South Korea.…”

“…They also are in agreement with those studies identifying a positive association between E-DII scores and waist size [ 28 , 29 ] or fasting blood triglycerides [ 29 ] in women from Spain and/or South Korea. However, they disagree with the results published on E-DII scores and waist measurements [ 30 , 32 ], BMI [ 28 ], blood triglyceride levels [ 30 , 32 ], blood HDL-c and blood glucose levels [ 29 , 30 , 32 ] in women from countries including Spain, China, Korea and Iran.…”

“…Cohort and cross-sectional studies investigating the association between energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index E-DII scores with MetS and/or individual cardiometabolic risk biomarkers have reported mixed findings for diverse populations from North America [ 20 , 21 , 22 ], Europe [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], Asia and the Middle East [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Published studies reporting on association of E-DII scores with MetS and/or cardiometabolic risk components in Latin American adults are limited to three countries, i.e., Brazil [ 33 ], Colombia [ 34 ] and Mexico [ 35 , 36 ] and their findings also are mixed.…”

Association between the dietary inflammatory index and obesity in otherwise healthy adults: Role of age and sex

“…28 On the other hand, some previous studies showed an inverse association between DII and obesity [29][30][31][32] or no association with body weight, BMI, fat mass and abdominal obesity. [10][11][12] These controversies may be partly because of differences in the populations of the studies, metabolic disorders, BMI cut-offs, age, sex and socioeconomic status, dietary supplements, and the number of foods and nutrients included in the DII calculations. It also may be related to reporting biases that are known to vary by weight status.…”

“…8 Some studies have shown a direct relationship between the DII with BMI and abdominal obesity in individuals with high cardiovascular risk, 9 while other population-based studies did not observe any association with body weight, BMI, fat mass and abdominal obesity. [10][11][12] Few studies have been conducted to investigate the DII in healthy adults with different BMI status and considering the potential role of age and sex.…”