Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region, China

Abstract

Background Diet and inflammation have both been studied in relation to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) and T2DM. Methods Subjects were adults enrolled in the baseline study of the Xinjiang multi-ethnic natural population cohort and health follow-up study from January to May 2019. The study involved 5,105 subjects (58.7% men) between 35 and 74 years of age. The DII score was calculated from a data obtained via a food frequency questionnaire consisting of 127 food items. Results Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) of DII in relation to T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared to subjects in the 1st DII quintile, subjects in the 5th quintile (i.e., with the most pro-inflammatory diet) had higher odds of T2DM (OR = 3.27, 95%CI:2.38,4.50; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of T2DM in this population of Chinese adults.

Associations between the inflammatory potential of diets with adherence to plant-based dietary patterns and the risk of new-onset cardiometabolic diseases in Chinese adults: findings from a nation-wide prospective cohort study

“…These findings align with much of the data reported previously. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation has been extensively documented as an established risk factor for CMDs, including stroke, 67,68 T2DM 69 and MI. 68 Thus, pro-inflammatory diets that trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as hs-CRP, may potentially increase the risk of CMDs.…”

“…The dietary inflammation index (DII) has emerged as the most widely used index globally for assessing the inflammatory potential of diets. 11 Although positive associations between the DII and an increased risk of stroke, 12,13 T2DM [14][15][16][17] and myocardial infarction (MI) [18][19][20][21] have been documented in cross-sectional studies, prospective cohort studies and meta-analysis, other studies have reported null associations. 13,18,[22][23][24][25] The computation of the DII included primarily nutrients and condiments instead of food groups, which have been considered as important components for dietary metrics for assessing cardiometabolic health.…”

“…13,20 While the DII has been validated in diverse populations, the majority of previous studies have primarily focused on Western populations. Available data on the associations between the DII and the risk of CMDs in the Chinese population, which typically follow plant-rich diets, are limited to only two cross-sectional studies focusing on the DII and T2DM, 15,32 with no attention given to other CMDs, such as stroke and MI. Prospective cohort studies are necessary to investigate the associations between the DII and the risk of CMDs in order to explore the long-term associations between dietary inflammatory potential and cardiometabolic health in the Chinese population.…”

Diet-Related Inflammation Is Associated with Worse COVID-19 Outcomes in the UK Biobank Cohort

“…In particular, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis showed strong relationships between higher body mass index (BMI) and risk of hospitalization, admissions to the intensive care unit, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, and death from COVID-19 infection [ 22 ]. Comorbid metabolic conditions are also associated with inflammation, both as cause and sequela [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Previous work showed that the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII ® ), which was created to quantify the effect of diet on inflammation [ 27 , 28 ], is related to gastrointestinal symptoms associated with infection [ 29 ].…”

Relationship between the Dietary Inflammatory Index Score and Cytokine Levels in Chinese Pregnant Women during the Second and Third Trimesters

“…Previously, the DII has been used to predict the levels of certain cytokines in the general adult population in different countries (e.g., Japan [ 29 ], Korea [ 30 ], and the USA [ 31 , 32 ]). Currently, it is widely used to investigate the impact of diet-induced inflammation on cancer [ 33 , 34 ], diabetes [ 35 , 36 ], hypertension [ 37 ], psychological disorders [ 38 ], metabolic syndrome [ 39 , 40 ], and other diseases. Among the types of validations performed worldwide, only a few studies have focused on the relationship between the DII score and cytokine levels in pregnant women in China, and these studies only investigated the dietary status in a certain trimester of pregnancy and a single cytokine [ 9 , 41 , 42 ].…”