Association between dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome: Analysis of the NHANES 2005–2016

Abstract

ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global problem that increasingly violates human health and quality of life. We explored the relationship between dietary inflammatory potential represented by dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the occurrence of MetS to provid data support for the prevention of it through dietary structure intervention.MethodsThe data was come from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018, including demographic, dietary, questionnaire variables and laboratory indicators. MetS was defined according to the criteria proposed by the American Endocrine Association (ACE) and the American Society of Clinical Endocrinology (ACCE). DII was calculated using the scoring method established by Shivappa. We divided DII scores into 4 quartiles, the chi-square test was used to compare the variable difference between DII quartiles groups. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between DII and MetS. We also performed subgroup analysis. A generalized linear regression model was used to explore the association of DII level and the levels of seven MetS related biochemical indicators.ResultsThe final sample size was 8,180, and the DII scores of the subjects were −5.50 to 5.22. The proportions of men, young people, non-Hispanic blacks, poor people, smokers, and MetS patients in the Q1–Q4 DII quantiles groups were gradually increased. The risk of MetS in the Q4 group which had highest dietary inflammatory degree was 1.592 (1.248, 2.030) times higher than that in the Q1 group, respectively (P < 0.001). After subgroup analysis, women, youth, non-smokers and alcohol drinkers were found to be more sensitive to the dietary inflammation. Then we found that the level of DII was significantly positively correlated with waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).ConclusionsIn the research subjects, the degree of dietary inflammation was associated with the occurrence of MetS and significantly affected WC, BMI, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels. It is necessary to conduct investigations and early dietary interventions for women and young people to prevent the occurrence of chronic metabolic diseases.

Inflammation mediates the relationship between diet quality assessed by healthy eating index-2015 and metabolic syndrome

“…Meeting these targets may help prevent development of individual MetS components including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. In alignment with our findings, previous studies have linked higher HEI scores to lower prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia ( 6 – 9 ). Two separate studies, one focusing on Korean adults and the other on Iranian adults, have also reported the associations between HEI scores and MetS risk ( 19 , 20 ).…”

Dietary inflammatory index is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease among United States adults

“…The DII, which illustrates the inflammatory effects of daily diets, relates to the possibility of a variety of harmful health outcomes (19,(43)(44)(45). Zhang et al (46) reported that DII is related to the development of MetS and has a significant impact on blood pressure, lipid levels, and BMI. Wu et al (47) investigated the connection between DII and coronary heart disease, indicating that patients with coronary heart disease had considerably higher DII values compared to those without coronary heart disease.…”

Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and metabolic syndrome and its components: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2016

“…Participants were provided with standardized questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and lifestyle information. Based on previous studies, we included covariates for adverse cardiometabolic health risk factors, which included low socioeconomic status [ 31 ], smoking status [ 32 ], alcohol consumption status [ 32 ], history of cancer [ 33 ], exercise status [ 34 ], and family history of diabetes [ 4 ]. We included sex (male or female), age continuous or categorical variables (18–39, 40–59, or ≥ 60 years), race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic black, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, or other races), marital status categorized as (married, living alone, or divorced), educational attainment (less than high school, high school, and more than high school), PIR (categorized as < 1, 1–2, 2–4, and > 4), and smoking status was categorized as never smoked (< 100 cigarettes before the survey), ever smoked (> 100 cigarettes before the survey but quit before the survey), and current (> 100 cigarettes before the survey and smoked during the survey) as well as self-reported history of cancer, family history of diabetes, and substance use.…”

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated a notable correlation between MetS and both systemic inflammation and immune response. The prevailing perspective posits that MetS originates from excessive obesity [ 4 ], which is characterized by mild chronic inflammation. Inflammatory factors, secreted by adipose tissue, contribute to the development of metabolic disorders by instigating a systemic inflammatory response [ 5 ].…”