Association Between Dietary Whole Grain Intake and Risk of Mortality

H, Wu; Flint, Alan; Qi, Qibin; Dam, Rob M. van; Sampson, Laura; Rimm, Eric B.; Holmes, Michelle D.; Willett, Walter C.; Hu, Frank B.

doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6283

Cited by 170 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The population that consumed whole grain had lower Body Mass Index (BMI) [9], lower incidence of Type 2 diabetes [10], cardiovascular disease [11] and colorectal cancer [12]. Whole grain diet also reduced the risk of mortality [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Let food be your medicine ….” Inclusion of wheat porridge, a whole grain meal, and legumes lowers postprandial glucose in diabetic patient

Eapen¹

2017

J Med Res Innov

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The present case report shows the importance of a meal consisting of whole grains and legumes in lowering postprandial glycaemia. A diabetic patient decided to try out diet and lifestyle modification to control the hyperglycemia. He incorporated wheat porridge for his breakfast and dinner along with other food. The postprandial glucose came down to 145 mg/dl after three months. To test the efficacy of wheat porridge in controlling the postprandial glycaemia, the intake of wheat porridge was stopped for 7 days. Then the glucose level increased to 231.4 mg/dl. However, the level came down after restarting the intake of wheat porridge (197.5mg/dl). After adding a small quantity of psyllium husk and black gram (a legume), the postprandial glucose came down to163.5 mg/dl, indicating the protective role in lowering postprandial glycaemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Let food be your medicine ….” Inclusion of wheat porridge, a whole grain meal, and legumes lowers postprandial glucose in diabetic patient

Eapen¹

2017

J Med Res Innov

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“…Three studies (28)(29)(30) were excluded because of the inclusion of both refined and whole grains as "cereals" in their analyses. The study by He et al (31), which was performed on diabetic patients from the Nurses' Health Study, was excluded because the included population in that study overlapped with that of the most recent study by Wu et al (15). The study by Wengreen et al (32) was also excluded because it was a non-peer-reviewed meeting abstract.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Required information (RRs for highest compared with lowest intake of whole grain or RRs for fatal MI) for these studies could not be obtained even by contacting the authors. Finally, 20 cohort studies (11, 12, 14-18, 22, 24, 35-45) were included in the systematic review and 17 prospective cohort studies (11, 12, 14-18, 22, 24, 38-45) were included in this meta-analysis: 11 for all-cause mortality (11, 14, 15, 18, 22, 24, 38-40, 43, 45), 11 for CVD mortality (11,15,17,22,24,38,39,(41)(42)(43)45), 6 for total cancer mortality (11,15,22,24,38,45), and 4 for specific cancers mortality (12,16,24,44) (Figure 1). Of the 20 studies included in the systematic review, 9 reported intake of total whole grain (11,12,14,15,22,35,37,43,45), and 11 others reported the intake of specific whole-grain foods (16-18, 24, 36, 38-42, 44).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two other studies (38,39) were also excluded because they considered consumption of specific whole-grain foods instead of total whole-grain intake. After these exclusions, 5 studies (11,14,15,22,45) remained in this dose-response analysis. For CVD mortality as an outcome, we did not include 5 studies in the dose-response meta-analysis because of the use of whole-grain intake as a dichotomous variable (24,42) or lack of information about the number of deaths in each category (11,17,43).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some, but not all (10)(11)(12), earlier investigations showed an inverse association between whole-grain intake and mortality. Several studies documented that consumption of whole-grain foods was associated with a lower risk of mortality (13)(14)(15)(16), including death from cardiovascular events (15) and cancer (16). However, some others reported no significant association with all-cause mortality (10), or suggested an inverse association with cardiovascular mortality but not with cancer mortality (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Whole-Grain Intake and Mortality from All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Benisi-Kohansal

Saneei

Salehi-Marzijarani

et al. 2016

Advances in Nutrition

135

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No conclusive information is available about the relation between the consumption of whole grains and the risk of mortality. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to summarize the relation between whole-grain intake and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and total and specific cancers. A systematic search of the literature published earlier than March 2015 was conducted in Medline and PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles. Prospective cohort studies that examined the association of total whole-grain intake or specific whole-grain foods with risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and total and specific cancers were considered. Twenty prospective cohort studies were included in the systematic review: 9 studies reported total whole-grain intake and 11 others reported specific whole-grain food intake. In a follow-up period of 5.5 to 26 y, there were 191,979 deaths (25,595 from cardiovascular disease, 32,746 from total cancers, and 2671 from specific cancers) in 2,282,603 participants. A greater intake of both total whole grains and specific whole-grain foods was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR for all-cause mortality for an increase of 3 servings total whole grains/d (90 g/d) was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.88). Total whole-grain intake (0.84; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.93) and specific whole-grain foods (0.82; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.90) were also associated with a reduced risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease. Each additional 3 servings total whole grains/d was associated with a 25% lower risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease. An inverse association was observed between whole-grain intake and risk of mortality from total cancers (0.94; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.98). We found an inverse association between whole-grain intake and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and total cancers. Adv Nutr 2016;7:1052-65.

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