Association Between Disk Position and Degenerative Bone Changes of the Temporomandibular Joints: An Imaging Study in Subjects with TMD

Cortés, Daniel; Exss, E.; Marholz, Carlos; Millas, Rodrigo; Moncada, G

doi:10.1179/crn.2011.020

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The integrity of the disc is vital in maintaining the homeostasis of the joint, degenerative changes in the disc, including perforation, lead to disruption of the joint [28]. Disc displacements are also associated with TMJ OA [29]. Thus, our results suggest that there is inter-dependency between the integrity of the cartilage and the integrity of the disc, and that changes in either structure will have an effect on the health of the joint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Lubricin Protects the Temporomandibular Joint Surfaces from Degeneration

2014

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The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a specialized synovial joint essential for the mobility and function of the mammalian jaw. The TMJ is composed of the mandibular condyle, the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone, and a fibrocartilagenous disc interposed between these bones. A fibrous capsule, lined on the luminal surface by the synovial membrane, links these bones and retains synovial fluid within the cavity. The major component of synovial fluid is lubricin, a glycoprotein encoded by the gene proteoglycan 4 (Prg4), which is synthesized by chondrocytes at the surface of the articular cartilage and by synovial lining cells. We previously showed that in the knee joint, Prg4 is crucial for maintenance of cartilage surfaces and for regulating proliferation of the intimal cells in the synovium. Consequently, the objective of this study was to determine the role of lubricin in the maintenance of the TMJ. We found that mice lacking lubricin have a normal TMJ at birth, but develop degeneration resembling TMJ osteoarthritis by 2 months, increasing in severity over time. Disease progression in Prg4 −/− mice results in synovial hyperplasia, deterioration of cartilage in the condyle, disc and fossa with an increase in chondrocyte number and their redistribution in clusters with loss of superficial zone chondrocytes. All articular surfaces of the joint had a prominent layer of protein deposition. Compared to the knee joint, the osteoarthritis-like phenotype was more severe and manifested earlier in the TMJ. Taken together, the lack of lubricin in the TMJ causes osteoarthritis-like degeneration that affects the articular cartilage as well as the integrity of multiple joint tissues. Our results provide the first molecular evidence of the role of lubricin in the TMJ and suggest that Prg4 −/− mice might provide a valuable new animal model for the study of the early events of TMJ osteoarthritis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Lubricin Protects the Temporomandibular Joint Surfaces from Degeneration

2014

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“…The TMJ disc is a tissue of substantial importance because of its role in normal joint function in permitting mandibular movements and because its degeneration leads to compromised joint function 6-9 . In humans, the TMJ and disc starts to form during the first trimester as a mesenchymal condensate in the TMJ region 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immortalization and characterization of mouse temporomandibular joint disc cell clones with capacity for multi-lineage differentiation

Park

Hosomichi

et al. 2015

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage

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Objective Despite the importance of TMJ disc in normal function and disease, studying the responses of its cells has been complicated by the lack of adequate characterization of the cell subtypes. The purpose of our investigation was to immortalize, clone, characterize and determine the multi-lineage potential of mouse TMJ disc cells. Design Cells from 12-week-old female mice were cultured and immortalized by stable transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase. The immortalized cell clones were phenotyped for fibroblast- or chondrocyte-like characteristics and ability to undergo adipocytic, osteoblastic and chondrocytic differentiation. Results Of 36 isolated clones, four demonstrated successful immortalization and maintenance of stable protein expression for up to 50 passages. Two clones each were initially characterized as fibroblast-like and chondrocyte-like on the basis of cell morphology and growth rate. Further the chondrocyte-like clones had higher mRNA expression levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (>3.5-fold), collagen × (>11-fold), collagen II expression (2-fold) and collagen II:I ratio than the fibroblast-like clones. In contrast, the fibroblast-like clones had higher mRNA expression level of vimentin (>1.5-fold), and fibroblastic specific protein 1 (>2.5-fold) than he chondrocyte-like clones. Both cell types retained multi-lineage potential as demonstrated by their capacity to undergo robust adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Conclusions These studies are the first to immortalize TMJ disc cells and characterize chondrocyte-like and fibroblast-like clones with retained multi-differentiation potential that would be a valuable resource in studies to dissect the behavior of specific cell types in health and disease and for tissue engineering.

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“…32 However, there may be different etiological factors in the occurrence of TMJ-OA between the species due to functional demands, anatomical differences and pattern of mastication. 11,33 Possible factors for the development of TMJ-OA are excessive TMJ stress, muscle hyperactivity, and biomechanical alterations resulting in joint overloading. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Given the high occurrence of TMJ-OA in California sea lions, it is possible that genetic factors may play a role in the disease occurrence or the underlying process, as seen in humans with TMJ disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%