Association between Early Onset of Cigarette, Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Later Drug Use Patterns: An Analysis of a Survey in European Metropolises

Baumeister, Sebastian E.; Tossmann, Peter

doi:10.1159/000083038

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Initially, in line with previous research, we hypothesised that for a given individual, a common drug use liability would be characterised by early initiation, poly-substance use and higher levels of use [23,24,27,28] . Item-response theory (IRT) modelling, a methodology previously used in the area of addiction [29,30] , was then used to construct 2 latent variables exploring early onset and current use: -The early onset latent variable was built using 7 dummy variables exploring an age at initiation under 25th percentile for tobacco (initiation under 13), first drunkenness (under 15), cannabis (under 15), inhalants (under 15), depressants (at least 1 substance among heroin, buprenorphine, methadone, GHB or ketamine), stimulants (cocaine, crack, ecstasy, amphetamines or MDMA), and hallucinogens (mushrooms or LSD; under 18 for these latter 3 classes); -The current substance use latent variable was built with 7 other dummy variables: tobacco current daily use, current hazardous alcohol use according to the alcohol use disorders identification test [31] , cannabis use reported in the past month, and inhalants, depressants, stimulants and hallucinogens use reported in the past 12 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

Mayet¹,

Legleye

Beck

et al. 2015

Eur Addict Res

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Background: The aim of this study was to describe the transitions between tobacco (T), cannabis (C) and other illicit drugs (OIDs) initiations, to simultaneously explore several substance use theories: gateway theory (GT), common liability model (CLM) and route of administration model (RAM). Methods: Data from 2 French nationwide surveys conducted in 2005 and 2010 were used (16,421 subjects aged 18-34). Using reported ages at initiations, we reconstituted a retrospective cohort describing all initiation sequences between T, C and OID. Transition probabilities between the substances were computed using a Markov multi-state model that also tested the effect of 2 latent variables (item response theory scores reflecting propensity for early onset and further substance use) on all transitions. Results: T initiation was associated with increased likelihood of subsequent C initiation, but the reverse relationship was also observed. While the most likely initiation sequence among subjects who initiated the 3 groups of substances was the ‘gateway' sequence T → C → OID, this pattern was not associated with substance use propensity more than alternative sequences. Early use propensity was associated with the ‘gateway' sequence but also with some alternative ones beginning with T, C or OID. Conclusion: If the gateway sequence appears as the most likely pattern, in line with GT, the effects of early onset and substance use propensities were also observed for some alternative sequences, which is more in line with CLM. RAM could explain reciprocal interactions observed between T and C. This suggests shared influences of individual (personality traits) and environmental (substance availability, peer influence) characteristics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

Mayet¹,

Legleye

Beck

et al. 2015

Eur Addict Res

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“…Studies have adopted cut-points for early onset of age 12 or younger (De Genna et al, 2009), age 13 or younger (Baumeister and Tossmann, 2005;Bossarte and Swahn, 2008;King and Chassin, 2007), age 14 or younger (Hingson et al, 2000;McGue and Iacono, 2005;Sartor et al, 2009), and age 15 or younger (Humphrey and Friedman, 1986). In the present analyses, early initiation of alcohol use is defi ned as drinking at age 14 or younger, the most common defi nition in this literature.…”

Section: Defi Nition Of Early-onset Drinkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Risk Factors for Early-Onset Drinking

Donovan

Molina²

2011

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

153

136

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ABSTRACT. Objective:There is relatively little research on the childhood antecedent predictors of early-onset alcohol use. This study examined an array of psychosocial variables assessed at age 10 and refl ecting Problem Behavior Theory as potential antecedent risk factors for the initiation of alcohol use at age 14 or younger. Method: A sample of 452 children (238 girls) ages 8 or 10 and their families was drawn from Allegheny County, PA, using targeted-age directory sampling and random-digit dialing procedures. Children and parents were interviewed using computer-assisted interviews. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the age-10 univariate and multivariate predictors of the initiation of alcohol use by age 14 or younger. Results: Twentyfi ve percent of the sample reported having more than a sip or a taste of alcohol in their life by age 14. Sex, race, and age cohort did not relate to early drinking status. Children with two parents were less likely to initiate drinking early. Early initiation of drinking related signifi cantly to an array of antecedent risk factors (personality, social environment, and behavioral) assessed at age 10 that refl ect psychosocial proneness for problem behavior. In the multivariate model, the variables most predictive of early-onset drinking were having a single parent, sipping or tasting alcohol by age 10, having parents who also started drinking at an early age, and parental drinking frequency. † Correspondence may be sent to John E. Donovan at the above address or via email at: donovanje@upmc.edu. S TARTING TO DRINK ALCOHOL in early adolescence or younger is associated with a greater likelihood of developing both problem drinking in adolescence (Ellickson et al., 2001(Ellickson et al., , 2003Gruber et al., 1996;Hawkins et al., 1997;Horton, 2007;Pedersen and Skrondal, 1998;Warner et al., 2007) and alcohol abuse or dependence in adulthood (DeWit et al., 2000;Grant and Dawson, 1997;Hingson et al., 2006). Early initiation of drinking is also associated with a variety of other problematic outcomes later in adolescence and in young adulthood, including academic problems, dropping out of high school, delinquent behavior, fi ghting after drinking, illicit drug use, prescription drug misuse, substance use disorders, employment problems, risky sexual behavior, pregnancy, unintentional injuries, drinking and driving, and alcohol-and other drug-related motor vehicle crashes (Ellickson et al

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“…Using data from a large U.S. epidemiological survey, Grant and Dawson (1997) reported that individuals who had used alcohol prior to age 15 were four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence in adulthood than individuals who had first tried alcohol after age 20. This finding, which suggests that risk for alcoholism is for some individuals established very early in life, has had a major impact on the conceptualization of both effective preventions and the origins alcoholism (Baumeister and Tossmann, 2005;Pitkänen et al, 2005;Stewart et al, 2005). Nonetheless, the implications of this research for prevention and developmental models of alcoholism depend on the causal basis for the association of early drinking with later alcoholism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Association of Early Adolescent Problem Behavior and Adult Psychopathology: A Multivariate Behavioral Genetic Perspective

2006

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Research has documented a strong association between early adolescent problem behavior and adult disinhibitory psychopathology, leading some to suggest that the latter can be reduced by preventing or delaying the former. But the prevention implications of this association necessarily depend upon the causal mechanisms that produce it. The current study was designed to test implications of a model that posits that early problem behavior and disinhibitory psychopathology are associated because they are both manifestations of a common inherited liability. At their age-17 assessment, 1080 twins from the older cohort of the Minnesota Twin Family Study reported whether and the age at which they first: drank alcohol, used tobacco, used illicit drugs, had sexual intercourse, and had police contact. An Early Problem Behavior index was computed by summing the number of these experiences each participant reported having before age 15. Outcome measures of disinhibitory psychopathology were assessed by clinical interview at the age-20 follow-up and included number of symptoms of nicotine dependence, alcohol abuse and dependence, drug abuse and dependence, and adult antisocial behavior. Biometric analysis of the multivariate twin data showed that: (1) early adolescent problem behavior is weakly heritable (approximately 20%), (2) the common factor underlying disinhibitory psychopathology is strongly heritable (approximately 75%), and (3) the phenotypic correlation between early adolescent problem behavior and disinhibitory psychopathology was strong (approximately 0.60) and accounted for primarily by genetic factors common to the two domains. Findings are discussed in the context of research on the prevention and developmental nature of substance use disorders and related psychopathology. KeywordsAdolescent problem behavior; disinhibitory psychopathology; externalizing; twin studies Behavioral genetic research has established the importance of both heritable and non-heritable influences on the development of adult substance use disorders (SUDs) including: nicotine dependence (Heath and Madden, 1995;Kendler et al., 1999), alcohol dependence Kendler et al., 1992;McGue, 1999;, and illicit substance abuse and dependence (Ball and Collier, 2002;Kendler and Prescott, 1998;Lynskey et al., 2002;McGue et al., 2000;Tsuang et al., 1996). Current behavioral genetic research aims to build on these findings by identifying the specific genetic and environmental factors that affect SUD risk and by characterizing their joint mechanisms of actions (Rutter et al., 2001). While much of this effort appropriately involves the use of molecular approaches to identify the specific genes that contribute to SUD risk (Goldman et al., 2005), complementary approaches * To whom correspondence should be addressed at Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Rd., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. Tel.: +612-625-8305; Fax: +612-626-2079; e-mail: mcgue001@umn.edu. An observation critical to understanding the developmental nature of SUD...

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Association between Early Onset of Cigarette, Alcohol and Cannabis Use and Later Drug Use Patterns: An Analysis of a Survey in European Metropolises

Cited by 45 publications

References 71 publications

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

The Gateway Hypothesis, Common Liability to Addictions or the Route of Administration Model? A Modelling Process Linking the Three Theories

Childhood Risk Factors for Early-Onset Drinking

The Association of Early Adolescent Problem Behavior and Adult Psychopathology: A Multivariate Behavioral Genetic Perspective

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