Association Between Early-Onset Osteoporosis With Hearing Loss and Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Objective: Osteoporosis is a chronic systemic disease characterized by low bone mass, progressive microarchitectural deterioration and increased bone fragility. Hearing loss and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) have been found in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis over 65 years, however, there is lack of information about these conditions in young patients. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide evidence of the association between osteoporosis and audio-vestibular findings in young subjects. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science Core Collection. Mean age, proportion of patients with low mineral density, hearing loss, and BPPV were calculated for the systematic review and meta-analysis. Odds Ratio (OR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 26 articles were reviewed. Only 10 studies met inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Six were assessed pursuing the association between osteoporosis and hearing loss. Pooled evidence suggested in patients with osteoporosis, an increased risk for developing hearing loss (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.06-2.19; P = .02) compared to controls. Another 6 studies reported the association between osteoporosis and BPPV. A significant increased risk for BPPV was found in individuals with osteoporosis (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.02-2.4; P = .04). There was no publication bias. Conclusion: Subjects younger than 65 years with osteoporosis have an increase odds for hearing loss and BPPV compared to controls. These conditions could be associated with early inner or middle ear bone morphologic changes.