Association between eating frequency and eating behaviours related to appetite from 4 to 7 years of age: Findings from the population-based birth cohort generation XXI

Vilela, Sofia; Severo, Mílton; Moreira, Teresa; Oliveira, Andréia; Hetherington, Marion M.; Lopes, Carla

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.002

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The present results revealed that higher consumption of ultraprocessed products at 4 years of age was positively associated with higher scores in food fussiness at 7 years of age, regardless of child and maternal characteristics. This finding confirms previous evidences that children exhibiting less healthy dietary patterns early in life may later have some problematic eating behaviours related to appetite (10,24,36,37) . Fussy eating has been described as a common problem among young children (10,24,(36)(37)(38)(39) , with a peak incidence at approximately 2 years of age, and that tends to decrease as the child grows older and is exposed to a wide variety of foods (22,37,40) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These cohort findings showed that the intake of ultra-processed foods and beverages was somewhat stable from 4 to 7 years of age. Dietary pattern stability throughout childhood corroborates other studies that observed some level of tracking in the same age span (24,34,36) . Even though the Portuguese children's ultraprocessed consumption is relatively low in comparison with other child populations and has shown stability over the period analysed, the slight increase in consumption should be considered alarming because it may limit the consumption of homemade meals from unprocessed, minimally or moderately processed foods.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to investigate the association of ultra-processed food consumption at 4 and 7 years of age with appetitive traits at 7 years, and body mass index (BMI) at 10 years of age. Participants were 1175 children of the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, who provided food diaries and complete data on socio-demographic variables, anthropometric measures, and the Portuguese Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (P-CEBQ). Foods were grouped according to NOVA classification into: “unprocessed, minimally or moderately processed, and culinary preparations”; “processed”; “ultra-processed”. To assess tracking of groups’ consumption, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient (r) and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Generalized linear models were fitted to test main associations, mediators, and interactions among the variables. Ultra-processed consumption exhibited a fair level of stability between ages 4 and 7 (r=0.34; ICC=0.32; 95%CI: 0.25; 0.39), corresponding respectively to 27.3% (449.8 kcal per day; SD=217.2) and 29.3% (526.9 kcal per day; SD=229.7) of total energy intake. After adjusting for maternal and child characteristics, higher ultra-processed consumption at 4 years was associated directly with ‘Food Responsiveness’ (β̂ = 0.019; 95%CI: 0.007; 0.037), and indirectly through energy intake with avoidant traits: ‘Food Fussiness’ (β̂ = -0.007; 95% CI: 0.002; 0.012) and ‘Satiety Responsiveness’ (β̂ = -0.007; 95% CI: 0.003; 0.012). Ultra-processed consumption at 4 years old was associated with BMI at 10 years old, but appetitive behaviours were not powerful mediators of this association. The results suggest a path by which ultra-processed products may impact on later appetitive traits and higher BMI in children.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

et al. 2020

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“…The meal definitions have been described previously (Vilela et al, 2019). Briefly, an “eating occasion” was any occasion when food or drink was consumed 30 min apart and provided a minimum of 210 kJ (50 Kcal) of energy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chrono-Nutrition: The Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy and Macronutrient Intake and Children’s Body Weight Status

et al. 2019

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The time of eating has been considered to have an important role in weight regulation. However, it is unknown if there are specific daily patterns of energy and macronutrient distribution that could be more beneficial for metabolic outcomes, especially obesity. This study aimed to assess the effect of time-of-day energy and macronutrient intake at 4 y of age on the weight status at 7 y of age. The study sample included 1961 children from the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with data on 3-day food diaries at 4 y and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 7 y. Dietary patterns based on the collected data were obtained for the distribution of energy and macronutrients across eating occasions. Having a relatively higher energy intake at lunch and supper (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) or at mid-afternoon (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) at 4 y was associated with higher odds of becoming overweight/obese at 7 y. A relatively higher intake of fat at lunch was positively associated with later children’s odds for being overweight or obese (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.32). These associations were independent of the effect on children’s eating behaviors related to appetite. Our results also show a detrimental relation between skipping breakfast and eating late in the day and children’s body weight. Considering all daily eating occasions, a higher proportion of energy and macronutrient intake at the main meals and a lower proportion during the afternoon and evening seems to be more beneficial for children’s weight. These results emphasize the important role of daily food intake rhythm on excessive weight gain in childhood.

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“…Obesity has a multifactorial character, among its main causes, and environmental factors stand out, such as socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle, and eating habits [2,[5][6][7][8][9]. Several instruments are used to assess food intake, which is one of the aspects of eating behavior [5,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, there is no foolproof assessment of the food consumption method [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nutritional knowledge alone does not guarantee healthy eating habits because the actual behavior is dependent on food beliefs, taboos, and so on [25,27]. Children's eating behavior is most susceptible to external interference because they are not the ones purchasing and preparing the food they consume [11,17,[26][27][28][29], in addition to attitudes, control practices, and beliefs of family members in relation to their food that directly influence the construction of eating habits even in childhood [9,15,25,30,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family influence on the nutritional status and eating habits of six to nine year-old children

2021

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Objective To investigate whether caregivers’ attitudes, beliefs, practices, alimentary habits, and nutritional status influence the alimentary habits and nutritional status of children aged six to nine years. Methods This cross-sectional study included 164 children and a family member (caregiver) each (n=164), carried out in the family health units of the municipality of Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil. Weight and height measurements were performed; each child was then evaluated by the application of both the Child Feeding Questionnaire and 24h recall (for calculating the Healthy Eating Index Revised), in addition to the assessment of adherence to healthy eating steps of the Ministry of Health, through a questionnaire. Results The results showed that the prevalence of being overweight was 18.3% in children and 32.9% in caregivers, and the prevalence of obesity was 15.9% and 37.9%, respectively. Most of the 56 children categorized as overweight also had overweight caregivers (82.1%; n=46). Concerns regarding children’s weight control were higher among caregivers responsible for overweight children (3.6±1.29). In contrast, caregivers responsible for children below or at normal weight demonstrated a greater tendency toward getting children to eat (3.3±0.97 and 3.9±0.99, respectively). The average score; of the children’s Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (50.0±13.6) was similar to that of their caregivers (56.5±12.1). Conclusions Caregivers have a direct influence on the nutritional status and eating habits of children; therefore, they should be targeted in the processes of nutritional intervention for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

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Association between eating frequency and eating behaviours related to appetite from 4 to 7 years of age: Findings from the population-based birth cohort generation XXI

Cited by 11 publications

References 51 publications

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

Ultra-processed food consumption, appetitive traits and BMI in children: a prospective study

Chrono-Nutrition: The Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy and Macronutrient Intake and Children’s Body Weight Status

Family influence on the nutritional status and eating habits of six to nine year-old children

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