Association between electronic cigarette use in children and adolescents and coughing a systematic review

Abstract

Background The use of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) among adolescents is increasing worldwide. E‐cigarettes are marketed as a safe alternative to other tobacco products. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate whether e‐cigarette use in children and adolescents is associated with coughing. Method Studies were identified through systematic searches of Excerpta Medica Database, Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, British Nursing Index, OVID Emcare, Health Management Information Consortium, PsycINFO, and Allied and Complementary Medicine. The Grey Literature was also searched. Selected studies either contained only children and adolescents as study participants or if adults were included, the data for adolescents and children must be presented separately. Results Seven studies were selected from 104. Three studies compared e‐cigarette users with nonusers; two studies found a significant association between coughing and e‐cigarette use in adolescence. Two studies investigated whether adolescents attributed their symptoms to their e‐cigarette use. One study reported that coughing was the most likely negative symptom reported by adolescents on initiation of e‐cigarette use; the other study found that adolescents, on initiation of e‐cigarette use, reported coughing. Two studies looked at the cases of children and adolescents who had presented to the hospital after e‐cigarette use and found coughing was a common presenting symptom. Conclusion This systematic review shows that adolescent use of e‐cigarettes is associated with increased coughing and e‐cigarette users are more likely to report coughing compared to non‐users.

Knowledge and Habits of Brazilian Dental Students about Electronic Cigarettes

“…EC use is associated with lung diseases; acute poisonings due to accidental or intentional ingestion of nicotine; traumatic injuries due to explosions and fires resulting in burns, lacerations and bruises on the lips [5]. EC is also a risk factor for respiratory problems associated with coughing in young smokers being considered an agent of respiratory and inhalation toxicities [19]. After the American Center for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an alert in 2019 about reports of severe lung disease related to EC use, a month later the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) also issued an alert about these lung diseases caused by EC with an online electronic form being made available for reporting this type of lung disease [20].…”

Acute Bronchitis in Childhood

“…Not only can poor air quality result in an increased risk for microbial infections, but irritants (both indoors and outdoors) and cigarette smoke can directly affect the airway mucosal surfaces. A review of 7 studies also found adolescent use of e-cigarettes was associated with increased coughing [31]. Peripheral nerve fibers may be activated and mucus glands stimulated to produce mucus.…”

“…The most common bacteria include Haemophilus influenzae (47-81%) followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae, and less commonly Moraxella catarrhalis [39]. It appears the presence of H. influenzae increases the risk for the development of bronchiectasis [40] as well as recurrent PBB (defined as greater than 3 episodes per year) [31]. PBB and bronchiectasis share many features with chronic suppurative lung disease and some have speculated that these three represent a spectrum of severity with a common underlying pathology with bacterial infection interacting with neutrophilic mediated airway inflammation [41].…”

The Commercial Promotion of Electronic Cigarettes on Social Media and Its Influence on Vaping Initiation and Positive Perceptions of Vaping in Anglophone Countries: A Scoping Review Protocol

“…Similarly observed in traditional media, the tobacco industry’s main approach to reaching adolescent audiences is associating their product with youths’ psychological and social needs (Wakefield et al, 2003). Broadly evidenced in the literature, electronic cigarette use among adolescents is strongly associated with the escalation of tobacco cigarette smoking, reflecting the significant health-related harm of vaping (O’Brien et al, 2021). Consequently, there is an urgent need to avoid resurgent tobacco use initiation due to 21 st -century marketing practices (Padon, Maloney and Cappella, 2017).…”

“…Despite being considered a healthier alternative to conventional cigarettes and a potential aid to smoking cessation cigarettes (Hartmann-Boyce et al, 2021), the emerging popularity of ENDS especially among youths (Burt and Li, 2020) represents a major global public health concern. Therefore, the premature initiation of electronic cigarette (Bourke, Sharif and Narayan, 2021) in association with the escalation of cigarette use (Leventhal et al, 2015), reflect the paradox of vaping (Al-Hamdani and Manly, 2021). The popularity of social media among youths and the lack of marketing regulations in comparison with traditional media suggest that a better comprehension of their role in electronic cigarette use is urgently needed (Camenga et al, 2018).…”