Association between Epstein-Barr virus and Thymic epithelial tumors: a systematic review

Zhang, Guofei; Yu, Zipu; Shen, Gang; Chai, Ying; Liang, Chengxiao

doi:10.1186/s13027-019-0254-5

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The implication of EBV has also been investigated in thymoma. A systematic review of the literature about the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of thymomas suggests that EBV might only play a minor role [ 114 ]. Cavalcante et al showed that some MGT patients are EBV-positive, but this seems to be linked to the MG and not specific to the thymoma.…”

Section: Implication Of Ifn-i In Myasthenia Gravismentioning

confidence: 99%

Myasthenia Gravis: An Acquired Interferonopathy?

Payet

You

Fayet

et al. 2022

Cells

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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease mediated by antibodies against components of the neuromuscular junction, particularly the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The thymus plays a primary role in AChR-MG patients. In early-onset AChR-MG and thymoma-associated MG, an interferon type I (IFN-I) signature is clearly detected in the thymus. The origin of this chronic IFN-I expression in the thymus is not yet defined. IFN-I subtypes are normally produced in response to viral infection. However, genetic diseases called interferonopathies are associated with an aberrant chronic production of IFN-I defined as sterile inflammation. Some systemic autoimmune diseases also share common features with interferonopathies. This review aims to analyze the pathogenic role of IFN-I in these diseases as compared to AChR-MG in order to determine if AChR-MG could be an acquired interferonopathy.

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Section: Implication Of Ifn-i In Myasthenia Gravismentioning

confidence: 99%

Myasthenia Gravis: An Acquired Interferonopathy?

Payet

You

Fayet

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…Zhang et al reported a systematic review of 22 studies on the association between thymic epithelial tumors and EBV [ 50 ]. According to the results of these reports, EBV positivity in thymic epithelial tumors varies widely among reports, but the pooled estimated incidence of EBV positivity was 9% (95% confidence interval (CI), 1–23%) for thymic epithelial tumors without MG, 20% (95% CI, 0–54%) for thymic epithelial tumors with MG, 6% (95% CI, 0–54%), and 6% (95% CI, 0–21%) for thymic carcinoma.…”

Section: Ebv Associationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymic Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus: Experiences and Literature Review

Ose

Kawagishi

Funaki

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Thymic lymphoepithelial carcinoma (TLEC) is a primary thymic carcinoma that accounts for about 14% of all thymic epithelial tumors and is classified into 14 types. The histological morphology is similar to lymphoepithelioma, a type of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It has been reported that squamous carcinoma accounts for approximately 80% of thymic carcinoma, followed by TLEC, which accounts for 6%. TLEC has been reported to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), with EBV infection in TLEC tumor cells first noted by Lyvraz et al. in 1985. Tumors shown to be EBV-positive are classified as TLEC if lymphoplasmacytic infiltration is lacking. However, only about 50% of the cases are positive for EBV, which is lower compared to nasopharyngeal lymphoepithelioma. Instances of EBV infection in other types of thymic epithelial tumor have been reported at lower rates, which suggests that EBV infection may have an important influence on the carcinogenesis of TLEC, though the etiology is unknown. TLEC is a highly malignant tumor with poor prognosis, as affected patients have a median survival time of 22 months, according to 58 cases from the literature, while the 5-year survival rate is 34.4%. Presently, prognosis is not considered to be affected by the presence or absence of EBV positivity.

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“…In contrast, nearly half of the reported lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (LELC) cases were EBV‐positive. EBV may therefore play an essential part in the etiology of LELC 40 . To confirm the potential role of EBV in the pathogenesis of thymoma and thymic tumor, further investigations using more clinical cases and research on virus‐host interaction are therefore necessary.…”

Section: Viral Infection In the Pathogenesis Of Thymoma And Related Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral infection in thymoma and thymic tumors with autoimmune diseases

Chang

Duan

et al. 2021

Thoracic Cancer

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A thymoma is a type of thymic tumor which is rarely malignant that is frequently reported in adult patients. A number of thymoma‐related immune disorders are observed including autoimmune diseases, which suggests a strong connection between thymoma development and immunological mechanisms. Characterized by association with humoral and cellular immunodeficiency, thymoma patients are susceptible to opportunistic infections by environmental factors. Recent reports have suggested that viral infection may play a role in the etiological mechanisms of thymoma development associated with dysregulated immunity. In this review, we summarize the case reports and studies related to viral infection, such as CMV, EBV and HSV, that probably play a part in the pathogenesis of thymoma and related diseases. Furthermore, we demonstrate the underlying mechanisms by which viruses may induce the occurrence of thymoma with autoimmune diseases. Lastly, we discuss the potential application of antiviral therapy in the treatment of thymic diseases.

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Association between Epstein-Barr virus and Thymic epithelial tumors: a systematic review

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Myasthenia Gravis: An Acquired Interferonopathy?

Myasthenia Gravis: An Acquired Interferonopathy?

Thymic Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma Associated with Epstein-Barr Virus: Experiences and Literature Review

Viral infection in thymoma and thymic tumors with autoimmune diseases

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