Association between exposure to artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation and ocular diseases: a systematic review protocol

Rubeshkumar, Polani; Ponnaiah, Manickam; Anandhi, D.; John, Denny

doi:10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00206

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Safety concerns associated with UVR exposure when using UV germicidal lamps are warranted. UV exposure can cause various skin conditions, such as skin cancer, erythema and photoaging, or eye effects, such as photokeratitis, conjunctivitis, cataracts and pterygium ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ). Luckily, anatomical features associated with the eye including brow ridge, cheek angle, curvature of the anterior ocular surface, ocular media, ocular protein structure composition, percent of lid closure during exposure, and facial coverings such as hats and glasses all play a role in reducing ocular UVR doses ( 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular and Facial Far‐UVC Doses from Ceiling‐Mounted 222 nm Far‐UVC Fixtures

Duncan

Welch

Shuryak

et al. 2022

Photochem & Photobiology

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Far-UVC radiation, commonly defined as wavelengths from 200 nm -235 nm, is a promising tool to help prevent the spread of disease. The unique advantage of far-UVC technology over traditional ultraviolet germicidal irradiation lies in the potential for direct application of far-UVC into occupied spaces since antimicrobial doses of far-UVC are significantly below the recommended daily safe exposure limits. This study used a ceiling-mounted far-UVC fixture emitting at 222 nm to directly irradiate an indoor space and then evaluated the doses received upon a manikin. Radiation sensitive film was affixed to the head, nose, lip, and eyes of the manikin, and the 8-hour equivalent exposure dose was determined. Variables examined included manikin height (sitting or standing position), manikin offset from directly below the fixture, tilt of the manikin, the addition of glasses, the addition of hair, and different anatomical feature sizes.Importantly, at the manikin position with the highest dose to eyes, the average eye dose was only 5.8% of the maximum directly measured dose. These results provide the first experimental analysis of possible exposure doses a human would experience from an indoor far-UVC installation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular and Facial Far‐UVC Doses from Ceiling‐Mounted 222 nm Far‐UVC Fixtures

Duncan

Welch

Shuryak

et al. 2022

Photochem & Photobiology

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An outbreak of bilateral photokeratitis and eyelid erythema following exposure to an artificial source of ultraviolet radiation, Tamil Nadu, India, 2018

Rubeshkumar

Ponnaiah

Prakash

et al. 2020

Environmental Epidemiology

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Background: Metal halide lights (MHLs) emit ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and should be used with enclosed fixtures. We investigated a cluster of blurred vision in a locality in South India reported among light music event attendees to identify risk factors. Methods: We searched for attendees with any eye-related symptoms by door-to-door. We described cases by time, place, and person and inspected the environment to generate a hypothesis. We followed-up the cohort of the attendees to examine the hypothesis of exposure to MHL as the cause of the outbreak. We computed relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by comparing attack rates among attendees by seating location and duration of exposure. Results: Of the total 500 attendees, we could interview 319 (64%) and 89% (284/319) attendees developed bilateral photokeratitis (median age = 24 years [range: 2–80 years]). Attack rate was higher among female (92% [172/189]) than male (85% [110/130]). Attack rate among those seated within 12 meters from dais was higher (95% [241/253]) than the rest (65% [43/66]; RR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.2, 1.7) and attack rate was higher among those continuously exposed to MHL (97% [268/277]) than others (38% [16/42]; RR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.7, 3.7). The duration of exposure was associated with increased risk of bilateral photokeratitis (χ2 test for linear trend = 74; P < 0.00001). During the environmental inspection, we identified the use of MHL with a broken outer envelope. Conclusions: Photokeratitis was associated with exposure to UVR from MHL with a broken outer envelope. We recommended the usage of MHL along with enclosed fixtures.

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Ocular and Facial Far-UVC Doses from Ceiling-Mounted 222 nm Far-UVC Fixtures

Duncan

Welch

Shuryak

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Far-UVC radiation, commonly defined as wavelengths from 200 nm – 235 nm, is a promising tool to help prevent the spread of disease. The unique advantage of far-UVC technology over traditional ultraviolet germicidal irradiation lies in the potential for direct application of far-UVC into occupied spaces since antimicrobial doses of far-UVC are significantly below the recommended daily safe exposure limits. This study used a ceiling-mounted far-UVC fixture emitting at 222 nm to directly irradiate an indoor space and then evaluated the doses received upon a manikin. Radiation sensitive film was affixed to the head, nose, lip, and eyes of the manikin, and the 8-hour equivalent exposure dose was determined. Variables examined included manikin height (sitting or standing position), manikin offset from directly below the fixture, tilt of the manikin, the addition of glasses, the addition of hair, and different anatomical feature sizes. Importantly, at the manikin position with the highest dose to eyes, the average eye dose was only 5.8% of the maximum directly measured dose. These results provide the first experimental analysis of possible exposure doses a human would experience from an indoor far-UVC installation.

show abstract

Association between exposure to artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation and ocular diseases: a systematic review protocol

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Ocular and Facial Far‐UVC Doses from Ceiling‐Mounted 222 nm Far‐UVC Fixtures

Ocular and Facial Far‐UVC Doses from Ceiling‐Mounted 222 nm Far‐UVC Fixtures

An outbreak of bilateral photokeratitis and eyelid erythema following exposure to an artificial source of ultraviolet radiation, Tamil Nadu, India, 2018

Ocular and Facial Far-UVC Doses from Ceiling-Mounted 222 nm Far-UVC Fixtures

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