Association between Fat-Free Mass Loss, Changes in Appetite, and Weight Regain in Individuals with Obesity

Martins, Cátia; Nymo, Siren; Coutinho, SR; JF, Rehfeld; Hunter, Gary R.; Gower, BA

doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.026

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…These findings have recently been supported by Martins et al [25], who reported that greater %FFML was associated with greater weight regain ( r = −0.216, P = 0.01) in 141 women with obesity 1 year postweight loss achieved via diet or diet and either resistance or aerobic exercise. However, in a separate study, the same authors reported that %FFML (or absolute FFM loss) was not associated with weight regain at 1 year following 8 weeks of a very low-energy diet in 70 individuals with obesity [26]. This discrepancy may relate to the fact that participants only regained 1.6 kg of body weight at 1 year despite 17.1 kg of weight loss.…”

Section: The Role Of Fat-free Mass and Resting Metabolic In The Contr...mentioning

confidence: 92%

The importance of fat-free mass and constituent tissue-organs in the control of human appetite

Hopkins

Blundell

2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

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Purpose of review Traditional models of human appetite focus on the contribution of adipose tissue and the gastrointestinal tract, both of which exert mainly inhibitory influences. The purpose of this review is to consider the biological factors that influence the drive to eat. Recent findings Fat-free mass is positively associated with objectively measured meal size and daily energy intake. These findings have been replicated in multiple populations across the life-course in laboratory and free-living studies. Studies have shown that the effect of fat-free mass is statistically mediated by resting metabolic rate, suggesting that energy expenditure per se may influence energy intake. A recent MRI study has reported that fasting hunger was associated with high metabolic rate organ (heart, liver, brain, kidneys) and skeletal muscle mass. Integrating measures of body composition at the tissue-organ level and markers of their metabolic function with appetitive measures could provide novel insight into the mechanisms that influence appetite. Summary These recent findings suggest that fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate are determinants of energy intake. Consideration of fat-free mass and energy expenditure as physiological sources of appetitive signals helps reconcile the mechanisms underpinning the inhibition of eating with those that drive eating.

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Section: The Role Of Fat-free Mass and Resting Metabolic In The Contr...mentioning

confidence: 92%

The importance of fat-free mass and constituent tissue-organs in the control of human appetite

Hopkins

Blundell

2023

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition &Amp; Metabolic Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Restoring the energy disbalance by mere reduction of caloric consumption and increased exercise is not as easy as it seems. Adherence to the dietary programme is key as weight regain once caloric restriction is stopped, known as the yo-yo-effect, is a common occurrence ( 18 ). However, as adherence is usually low, most people cannot lose weight only through increased physical activity and dietary changes ( 19 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture as multi-targeted therapy for the multifactorial disease obesity: a complex neuro-endocrine-immune interplay

Landgraaf,

Bloem,

Fumagalli

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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The prevalence of obesity has reached pandemic dimensions. It is associated with multiple comorbidities and is becoming a clinical and public health threat. Obesity is a multifactorial disease with a complex pathophysiology and interplay of various systems. A strong interplay exists between the neuro-endocrine system, the immune system with systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, and microbiome dysbiosis that can lead to the development of obesity, which in turn can exacerbate each of these factors, hence creating a vicious cycle. The conventional treatment with lifestyle modifications such as diet, physical exercise, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery does not always result in sufficient weight control thus paving the way for other strategies. As one such strategy, acupuncture is increasingly used worldwide to treat obesity. This narrative review outlines the evidence for this neuro-endocrine-immune interplay in the pathophysiology of obesity. Furthermore, the existing experimental and clinical evidence of acupuncture as a multi-targeted therapy for obesity is explained and future research perspectives are discussed.

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A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Caloric Restriction on Skeletal Muscle Mass in Individuals with, and without, Type 2 Diabetes

Anyiam,

Abdul Rashid,

Bhatti

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Background. Severe caloric restriction interventions (such as very-low-calorie diets) are effective for inducing significant weight loss and remission of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, suggestions of associated significant muscle mass (MM) loss create apprehension regarding their widespread use. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a quantitative assessment of their effect on measures of MM in individuals with, or without, T2DM. Methods. EMBASE, Medline, Pubmed, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Google Scholar were systematically searched for studies involving caloric restriction interventions up to 900 kilocalories per day reporting any measure of MM, in addition to fat mass (FM) or body weight (BW). Results. Forty-nine studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 4785 participants. Individuals with T2DM experienced significant reductions in MM (WMD −2.88 kg, 95% CI: −3.54, −2.22; p < 0.0001), although this was significantly less than the reduction in FM (WMD −7.62 kg, 95% CI: −10.87, −4.37; p < 0.0001). A similar pattern was observed across studies involving individuals without T2DM. MM constituted approximately 25.5% of overall weight loss in individuals with T2DM, and 27.5% in individuals without T2DM. Subgroup analysis paradoxically revealed greater BW and FM reductions with less restrictive interventions. Conclusions. Our review suggests that caloric restriction interventions up to 900 kilocalories per day are associated with a significant reduction in MM, albeit in the context of a significantly greater reduction in FM. Furthermore, MM constituted approximately a quarter of the total weight loss. Finally, our data support the use of less restrictive interventions, which appear to be more beneficial for BW and FM loss.

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Association between Fat-Free Mass Loss, Changes in Appetite, and Weight Regain in Individuals with Obesity

Cited by 3 publications

References 45 publications

The importance of fat-free mass and constituent tissue-organs in the control of human appetite

The importance of fat-free mass and constituent tissue-organs in the control of human appetite

Acupuncture as multi-targeted therapy for the multifactorial disease obesity: a complex neuro-endocrine-immune interplay

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Caloric Restriction on Skeletal Muscle Mass in Individuals with, and without, Type 2 Diabetes

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