Association between fat mass, adipose tissue, fat fraction per adipose tissue, and metabolic risks: a cross-sectional study in normal, overweight, and obese adults

Hübers, Mark; Geisler, Corinna; Bosy‐Westphal, Anja; Braun, Wiebke; Pourhassan, Maryam; Sørensen, Thorkild I. A.; Müller, Manfred J.

doi:10.1038/s41430-018-0150-x

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As noted throughout our report, we distinguished between “fat” and “adipose tissue.” As observed in our previous study, triglycerides (or “fat”) average about 80% to 85% of adipose tissue mass, although the range observed both in vitro and in vivo is very wide (i.e., 0.62−0.94) . Converting from fat to adipose tissue mass or vice versa using assumed proportionalities may therefore not be very accurate . Moreover, with weight loss, the expectation is that relative reductions in body fat will exceed those of adipose tissue because the latter includes nontriglyceride cell mass, extracellular fluid, connective tissues, and vascular structures forming a pannus that, in extreme cases, may need surgical excision as often follows with the massive weight loss accompanying bariatric surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…As noted throughout our report, we distinguished between "fat" and "adipose tissue." As observed in our previous study, triglycerides (or "fat") average about 80% to 85% of adipose tissue mass, although the range observed both in vitro and in vivo is very wide (i.e., 0.62−0.94) (20). Converting from fat to adipose tissue mass or vice versa using assumed proportionalities may therefore not be very accurate (20).…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Obesity Tissue: Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Content in Adult Humans

Hwaung

Bosy‐Westphal

Müller

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective Chronic positive energy balance leads to obesity, and the “excess” weight is usually described as consisting solely of adipose tissue (AT) or its two components, fat and fat‐free mass (nonfat cell mass, extracellular fluid). This study aimed to clarify the nature of “obesity” tissue. Methods A total of 333 adults had AT, skin, skeletal muscle, bone, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and residual mass measured or derived using magnetic resonance imaging and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. First, associations between these components and AT were examined by developing multiple regression models. Next, obesity‐tissue composition was developed by deriving mean component mass differences between participant groups with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and those with obesity (BMI > 29.9 kg/m2); respective resting energy expenditures and metabolizable energy and protein contents were calculated. Results AT significantly predicted organ‐tissue mass in 17 of 18 multiple regression models. In addition to AT and skeletal muscle, the following associations were found: skin, liver, and bone were main contributors to obesity‐tissue composition; liver, kidneys, and heart to resting energy expenditure; and skin, liver, and bone to metabolizable energy and protein contents. A pronounced sexual dimorphism was present in all three models. Conclusions Obesity is characterized not only by excess AT but by increases in the masses of other “companion” organs and tissues and their related metabolic properties.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Obesity Tissue: Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Content in Adult Humans

Hwaung

Bosy‐Westphal

Müller

et al. 2019

Obesity

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“…AT is classified as subcutaneous or intra-abdominal depending on its anatomical position [ 12 ]. Subcutaneous AT is located under the skin and stores approximately 80% of total body fat.…”

Section: The Light and Dark Sides Of Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

New Aspects of Lipotoxicity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Méndez-Sánchez

Cruz-Ramón

Ramírez-Pérez

et al. 2018

IJMS

130

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NASH is becoming increasingly common worldwide because of the growing global prevalence of obesity and consequently NAFLD. Unfortunately, the mechanism of progression of NAFLD to NASH and then cirrhosis is not completely understood. Several factors, including insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, and bile acid (BA) toxicity, have been reported to be associated with NASH progression. The release of fatty acids from dysfunctional and insulin-resistant adipocytes results in lipotoxicity, which is caused by the ectopic accumulation of triglyceride-derived toxic metabolites and the subsequent activation of inflammatory pathways, cellular dysfunction, and lipoapoptosis. Adipose tissue (AT), especially visceral AT, comprises multiple cell populations that produce adipokines and insulin-like growth factor, plus macrophages and other immune cells that stimulate the development of lipotoxic liver disease. These biomolecules have been recently linked with many digestive diseases and gastrointestinal malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma. This made us question what role lipotoxicity has in the natural history of liver fibrosis. Therefore, this review focuses on the close relationship between AT and NASH. A good comprehension of the pathways that are related to dysregulated AT, metabolic dysfunction, and hepatic lipotoxicity will result in the development of prevention strategies and promising therapeutics for patients with NASH.

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“…The dielectric values, expressed as the real ( ϵ ′) and imaginary ( ϵ ″) parts of the complex permittivity, refractive index, and absorption coefficient, are set out in Table . The values are derived from data from Huang et al [], Jördens et al [], Png et al [], Sy et al [], Sim et al [,], Guseva et al [], Yamaguchi et al [], Hernandez‐Cardoso et al [], Hübers et al [], and Mizuno et al [], and the analysis of mixing formulae is from Jördens et al [] and Ney and Abdulhalim []. A comprehensive outline of the derivation is provided in the supplementary material (S2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stratum corneum has only 15% water content, and thus ϵ ″ remains high in the model. The values are derived from Huang et al [], Jördens et al [], Png et al [], Sy et al [], Sim et al [,], Guseva et al [], Yamaguchi et al [], Hernandez‐Cardoso et al [], Hübers et al [] and Mizuno et al [].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational phantom study of frozen melanoma imaging at 0.45 terahertz

Vilagosh

Lajevardipour

Wood

2019

Bioelectromagnetics

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Terahertz radiation (THz) is highly absorbed by liquid water. This creates the possibility of medical imaging on the basis of the water content difference between normal and diseased tissue. The effective penetration of THz is limited, however, to a tissue depth of 0.2–0.3 mm at body temperature. A unique feature of the 0.1–2.0 THz frequency is that there is a high disparity between liquid water absorption and ice absorption, with ice being 100 times more permeable to the radiation than liquid water. This results in 90% of the radiation surviving to 1.0 mm in ice, permitting the imaging of frozen tissues to a depth of 5.0 mm. This method is practical as an in vivo procedure before or during surgical excision. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) computational modeling of frozen normal skin and frozen melanoma was undertaken using tissue phantoms. The study suggests that sufficient contrast exists to differentiate normal frozen skin and melanoma on the basis of the difference of water content alone. When the melanin pigment in melanomas is modeled as a significant absorber of THz, the contrast changes. Based on the modeling, further exploration of the “THz‐skin freeze” imaging technique is justified. In the modeling, the boundary between the frozen tissue and non‐frozen tissue is shown to be strongly reflective. If the reflective properties of the boundary are substantiated, the “THz‐skin freeze” technique will have applications in other areas of skin diagnostics and therapeutics. Bioelectromagnetics. 40:118–127, 2019. © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society

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Association between fat mass, adipose tissue, fat fraction per adipose tissue, and metabolic risks: a cross-sectional study in normal, overweight, and obese adults

Abstract: Independent of FM or TAT, FM/TAT-ratio adds to metabolic risk assessment. Therefore, the interchangeable use of FM and TAT to assess metabolic risks is questionable as both parameters may complement each other.

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Obesity Tissue: Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Content in Adult Humans

Obesity Tissue: Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Content in Adult Humans

New Aspects of Lipotoxicity in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

Computational phantom study of frozen melanoma imaging at 0.45 terahertz

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