Association between Food Deserts and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Metropolitan Area

Banner, Grace C.; Weaver, Kingsley N.; Rushovich, Tamara; York, Sloane L.; Yee, Lynn M.

doi:10.1055/s-0040-1702991

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…2 ). Our findings also suggest that living in a food desert is not associated with increased circulating glucose concentrations in response to the GTT, which is consistent with other work suggesting that living in a food desert is not associated with increased GDM risk 69 , but in contrast to work suggesting reduced GDM risk in areas with more grocery stores 22 . We posit that these discrepancies may be due, in part, because past work has not simultaneously accounted for the interdependent effects of SES and food desert severity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The association between food desert severity, socioeconomic status, and metabolic state during pregnancy in a prospective longitudinal cohort

Wood

Stamos

Mitchell

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Poor metabolic health during pregnancy is associated with health concerns for pregnant individuals and their offspring. Lower socioeconomic status (SES) is one risk factor for poor metabolic health, and may be related to limited access to healthful and affordable foods (e.g., living in a food desert). This study evaluates the respective contributions of SES and food desert severity on metabolic health during pregnancy. The food desert severity of 302 pregnant individuals was determined using the United States Department of Agriculture Food Access Research Atlas. SES was measured using total household income adjusted for household size, years of education, and amount of reserve savings. Information about participants’ glucose concentrations one hour following an oral glucose tolerance test during the second trimester was extracted from medical records and percent adiposity during the second trimester was assessed using air displacement plethysmography. Information about participants’ nutritional intake during the second trimester was obtained by trained nutritionists via three unannounced 24-h dietary recalls. Structural equation models showed that lower SES predicted higher food desert severity (β = − 0.20, p = 0.008) and higher adiposity (β = − 0.27, p = 0.016) and consumption of a more pro-inflammatory diet (β = − 0.25, p = 0.003) during the second trimester of pregnancy. Higher food desert severity also predicted higher percent adiposity during the second trimester (β = 0.17, p = 0.013). Food desert severity significantly mediated the relationship between lower SES and higher percent adiposity during the second trimester (βindirect = − 0.03, 95% CI [− 0.079, − 0.004]). These findings indicate that access to healthful and affordable foods is a mechanism by which SES contributes to adiposity during pregnancy and may inform interventions intended to improve metabolic health during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The association between food desert severity, socioeconomic status, and metabolic state during pregnancy in a prospective longitudinal cohort

Wood

Stamos

Mitchell

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 17 This is in contrast to a more recent study by Banner et al, which showed women living in food deserts in Chicago were less likely to develop GDM and did not experience adverse maternal outcomes. 18 Healthy food intake among pregnant women with GDM is important. Women with food insecurity used vegetables 8.8 times less than those with food security (OR = 8.8; 95% CI: 2.6–29.9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Food Security and Gestational Diabetes among Pregnant Women

Cooper

Graham

Kuo

et al. 2022

AJP Rep

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The objective were to: (1) evaluate associations between food security and women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and (2) evaluate if women in food insecure (FI) households had adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. This was an observational study from October 2018 until September 2019. Postpartum resident clinic patients who delivered term, singleton infant at 37 weeks' or longer gestation were screened. Participants completed a survey using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (US HFSSM). Survey responses were classified as: food secure (FS) and FI (marginal, low, very low FS). The primary outcome was GDM. Our secondary outcome was neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions for hypoglycemia. We evaluated the rate of GDM in FS and FI groups. Demographic data included: prepregnancy body mass index, total weight gain during pregnancy, birth weight, and mode of delivery. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between food insecurity and GDM. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were 150 patients screened to participate; of these, 70 patients were enrolled (36 GDM and 34 without GDM [NGDM]). More patients in FI households, 71% (n = 17), were diagnosed with GDM, compared with 33% (n = 15) in the FS (FS) households (adjusted odds ratio 7.05; p < 0.01). Of patients who reported FI, 50% (n = 12) were black, 46% (n = 11) Hispanic, and 4% (n = 1) Caucasian, compared with 13% (n = 6) black, 30% (n = 14) Hispanic, and 57% (n = 26) Caucasian in patients who reported FS (p < 0.001). Although not significant, 25% (n = 6) of neonates from an FI household had an NICU admission for hypoglycemia compared with 7% (n = 3) from an FS household (p = 0.054). Pregnant women with GDM are more likely to experience FI than those with NGDM. Infants of mothers in FI households also had increased rates of NICU admission for hypoglycemia.

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“…17 This is in contrast to a more recent study by Banner et al, which showed women living in food deserts in Chicago were less likely to develop GDM and did not experience adverse maternal outcomes. 18 Healthy food intake among pregnant women with GDM is important. Women with food insecurity used vegetables 8.8 times less than those with food security (OR ¼ 8.8; 95% CI: 2.6-29.9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2022

AJP Rep

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Food security is an essential social determinant of health that has been shown to have a direct association with mental, physical, and social health. 1 Food security is defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as "access by all people at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life." It is an important measurement of nourishment of a population. 2 Inadequate access to food in pregnancy not only affects the mother's health but it can also limit a patient's ability to Keywords ► food insufficiency ► food security ► gestational diabetes mellitus ► pregnant ► diabetes

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Association between Food Deserts and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Metropolitan Area

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

The association between food desert severity, socioeconomic status, and metabolic state during pregnancy in a prospective longitudinal cohort

The association between food desert severity, socioeconomic status, and metabolic state during pregnancy in a prospective longitudinal cohort

The Relationship between Food Security and Gestational Diabetes among Pregnant Women

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