Association between food marketing exposure and adolescents’ food choices and eating behaviors

Scully, Maree; Wakefield, Melanie; Niven, Philippa; Chapman, Kathy; Crawford, David; Pratt, Iain S; Baur, Louise A.; Flood, Victoria M; Morley, Belinda

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2011.09.020

Cited by 138 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As such, the strength of the association would have been attenuated. Similar trends were seen in the following studies when children self-reported exposure to food marketing (either on TV, print, on public transport, at school or digitally) and their usual food intake and/or purchase requests for promoted products [47][48][49].…”

Section: Observational Evidencesupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This pattern was further shown in another Australian study (n=12,188, 12-17 years) [49]. As children's exposure to both commercial TV and non-broadcast advertising increased so too did their intakes of commonly advertised foods or likelihood of requesting or trying advertised foods (all p<0.001).…”

Section: Experimental Studies Using Premium Offersmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…An Australian study (n=12,188, 12-17 years) found that compared with children who did not watch commercial TV, average viewers (≤ 2 hours/day) were more likely to report asking for a food product they had seen advertised in the last month (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10-1.42 (p<0.01)), while more frequent viewers (> 2 hours/day) were more likely to have both asked for (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.38-1.88 (p<0.001)) and tried a new food product they had seen advertised (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.27-1.71 (p<0.001)) [49]. Stronger associations were seen between exposure to all forms of non-broadcast (non-TV) marketing and children's food choices, particularly in children with greater than two exposures in the last month (ORs 2.48 -3.74 (p<0.001)).…”

Section: Observational Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Observational studies have found statistically significant positive associations between children's (3-18 years) exposure to food marketing and their food choice, consumption and usual intake [46][47][48][49][50][51], with effect sizes ranging from small (odds ratio (OR) <2) to moderate-strong (OR ≥3 or <4) [52]. Marketing exposure was assessed through either parental or self-report or using data on advertising patterns, including Gross Ratings Points (GRPs).…”

Section: Observational Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

et al. 2016

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The prevention of overweight in childhood is paramount to long term heart-health. Food marketing predominately promotes unhealthy products which if over-consumed will lead to overweight. International health expert calls for further restriction of children's exposure to food marketing remain relatively unheeded, with a lack of evidence showing a causal link between food marketing and children's dietary behaviours and obesity an oft cited reason for this policy inertia. This direct link is difficult to measure and quantify with a multiplicity of determinants contributing to dietary intake and the development of overweight. The Bradford Hill Criteria provide a credible framework by which epidemiological studies may be examined to consider whether a causal interpretation of an observed association is valid. This paper draws upon current evidence that examines the relationship between food marketing, across a range of different media, and children's food behaviours, and appraises these studies against Bradford Hill's causality framework. IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is largely preventable, yet, globally, it contributes to the greatest burden of premature mortality [1]. Modifiable, diet-related CVD risk factors include overweight and obesity and high consumption of saturated and trans fatty acids, refined carbohydrates and sodium [2,3]. Establishing healthy dietary behaviours and maintaining a healthy weight in childhood is paramount for maximising heart-health [4], however within our current food environment, this has never been more challenging.

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Section: Observational Evidencesupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Experimental Studies Using Premium Offersmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Observational Evidencementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Observational Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

et al. 2016

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“…Exposure to commercial advertising of snacks and the extent of watching TV programs was associated with a higher likelihood of serving fast foods and sweets, in both children and adults [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Between Meals in a Cross-Sectional Study of a Health Oriented Adult Population

Nădășan

Gabos

Tarcea

et al. 2016

Acta Medica Marisiensis

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Objectives: To assess the prevalence of snacking and to explore the relationship between snacking and several demographic, anthropometric, functional and biochemical factors. Methods: The study included 756 individuals over 18 years of age from Medias, Romania. Demographics and data about snacking were collected by trained volunteers. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure were measured with standard equipment according to accepted procedures. Blood glucose and cholesterol were measured by experienced nurses using portable devices. Associations between variables were checked with the Pearson Chi-square test. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to measure the association between binary variables. Results: About half of the subjects in the studied sample reported snacking less than 2 times / week, 34.5% between 3-4 times / week and 14.8% more than 4 times / week. Statistical analysis found that snacking was associated with gender (males being less likely to snack than females), ethnicity (non-Romanians being less likely to snack than Romanian ethnics), marital status of the subjects (not married people being less likely to snack than married people ), systolic blood pressure (people consuming more often snacks being less likely to have high systolic blood pressure values), and blood sugar level (people eating more frequently between meals being more likely to have higher blood glucose levels). Conclusions: Snacking was a widespread eating habit among the study participants and was significantly associated with gender, ethnicity, marital status, systolic blood pressure and blood glucose levels.

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Association of Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing With Children and Adolescents’ Eating Behaviors and Health

et al. 2022

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Association between food marketing exposure and adolescents’ food choices and eating behaviors

Cited by 138 publications

References 23 publications

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Food Behaviours: Evaluating the Evidence for a Causal Relationship

The Prevalence and Correlates of Eating Between Meals in a Cross-Sectional Study of a Health Oriented Adult Population

Association of Food and Nonalcoholic Beverage Marketing With Children and Adolescents’ Eating Behaviors and Health

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