Association between habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure levels

Coffee, caffeine and blood pressure: a critical review

“…Habitual coffee consumption was unrelated to BP Lang et al (1983a) Algeria 1 491 M F 15 ± 70 DBP was 2 mmHg higher among coffee drinkers than among nondrinkers Lang et al (1983b) France 6 321 M F 18 ± 60 SBP was 2 ± 4 mmHg higher among coffee drinkers than among nondrinkers Lewis et al (1993) USA 5 115 M F 18 ± 30 Caffeine intake (up to 800 mgaday) was unrelated to BP Lo Èwik et al (1991) Netherlands 255 M F 65 ± 79 Coffee consumption was positively correlated with BP among women Narkiewicz et al (1995) Italy 887 M F 18 ± 45 Daytime SBP was 2.5 mmHg higher in men who consumed coffee ! 4 cupsaday than in men who did not drink coffee Periti et al (1987) Italy 500 M F 18 ± 62 SBP and DBP were 0.8 and 0.5 mmHg lower per daily consumed cup of coffee Salvaggio et al (1990) Italy 9 601 M F 18 ± 65 Increasingly lower BP with increases in coffee consumption; those who drank 4 ± 5 cupsaday had SBP and DBP 2 ± 3 and 1 mmHg lower than nondrinkers Sharp & Benowitz (1990) USA 247 A positive correlation between plasma levels of caffeine and BP in infrequent caffeine users but not in habitual users Shirlow et al (1988) Australia 5 147 M F 20 ± 70 Caffeine intake within the last 3 h was associated with 2 ± 4 mmHg higher BP. Average daily caffeine consumption was not associated with BP Stensvold et al (1989) Norway 29 027 M F 40 ± 42 An inverse U-shaped relation between coffee consumption and BP, the mean values being lowest for 0 and !…”

“…This may have led to an underestimation of the blood pressure levels in the studies with negative results, because caffeine deprivation has been associated with lower blood pressure in habitual consumers (James, 1994;Phillips-Bute & Lane, 1998). Thus, the inverse association between coffee intake and blood pressure observed in some epidemiologic studies (Salvaggio et al, 1990;Gyntelberg et al, 1995) is consistent Burke et al (1992) Australia 843 M F 60 ± 87 BP was positively related to coffee drinking in subjects treated with antihypertensive drugs. No signi®cant association between coffee drinking and BP in untreated subjects was found Ho Èfer & Ba Èttig (1993) Switzerland 338 F 20 ± 40 Actual coffee consumption on the testing day was associated with elevated BP (0.7 ± 2 mmHg per cup of coffee).…”

“…Some of these studies found that habitual consumption of coffee or caffeine was associated with slightly elevated blood pressure (Lang et al, 1983a, b;Birkett & Logan, 1988;Lo Èwik et al, 1991;Burke et al, 1992;Narkiewicz et al, 1995). However, many of the epidemiologic studies showed no relation (Shirlow et al, 1988;Wilson et al, 1989;Ho Èfer & Ba Èttig, 1993;Lewis et al, 1993), and some even showed a small inverse association between self-reported coffee consumption and blood pressure (Periti et al, 1987;Stensvold et al, 1989;Salvaggio et al, 1990;Gyntelberg et al, 1995;Wakabayashi et al, 1998). Consumption of coffee appears to be positively associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic stroke in middle-aged hypertensive men (Hakim et al, 1998).…”

“…A smaller study with 338 female subjects also con®rmed that recent coffee consumption was related to increased blood pressure (Ho Èfer & Ba Èttig, 1993). In some of the epidemiologic studies blood pressure measurements were taken under conditions when fasting was required from the participants (Salvaggio et al, 1990;Lewis et al, 1993;Gyntelberg et al, 1995). This may have led to an underestimation of the blood pressure levels in the studies with negative results, because caffeine deprivation has been associated with lower blood pressure in habitual consumers (James, 1994;Phillips-Bute & Lane, 1998).…”

Erratum to: Patients with mild hypertensive heart disease and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction: treatment with angiotensin II antagonists

“…21,22 Several investigators suggested that the increase in the risk of coronary heart disease may be the result of elevated blood pressure and cholesterol levels due to unhealthy dietary habits or increased smoking habits associated with coffee consumption. [23][24][25] In this work we revealed that unfiltered coffee drinking was associated with increased homocysteine levels, a potential maker of cardiovascular disease. This effect was enhanced when heavy cigarette smoking existed.…”