Association between Healthy Lifestyle (Diet Quality, Physical Activity, Normal Body Weight) and Periodontal Diseases in Korean Adults

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy lifestyle (HLS; i.e., diet quality, physical activity, normal weight) and periodontal diseases in Korean adults. Studying this association may help inform future intervention programs aimed at preventing the development of periodontal diseases. Raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII (2016–2018) were used. Data from 12,689 adults aged 19 years and over who had a periodontal examination were analyzed. The associations between HLS and periodontal diseases were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression after adjusting for demographic and health factors as covariates. We found that each of the HLS (diet quality, physical activity, normal body weight) practices was significantly associated with periodontal diseases (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13–1.55; OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04–1.30; OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14–1.40, respectively). In particular, having poor HLS practices was identified as a risk factor for periodontal diseases (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10–2.15). HLS was associated with periodontal diseases. Thus, in addition to improving oral hygiene—the primary focus in the past—improving HLS should be emphasized for patients with periodontal diseases.

Abnormal Micronutrient Intake Is Associated with the Risk of Periodontitis: A Dose–response Association Study Based on NHANES 2009–2014

“…There is substantial evidence supporting a strong association between periodontitis and micronutrient intake [49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Varied studies have been conducted in different directions to evaluate the association between periodontitis and micronutrient intake [45,[56][57][58][59][60]. Existing studies tend to explore the correlation using linear models, showing that associations between micronutrient intake and some other diseases were complex and nonlinear [61][62][63][64][65][66][67].…”

A cross‐sectional study of the association between periodontitis and physical activity in the Japanese population

“…Moreover, comparison with relevant findings from other published studies was not possible because previous studies on the association between PA and periodontitis did not perform sex-stratified analyses. 10,11,13 However, one potential explanation is that risk factors for periodontitis, such as smoking, were more prevalent among men than women.…”

“…The findings of this study are in agreement with those from previous studies. 10,11,13 Low levels of PA were associated with a higher prevalence of periodontitis in the Jordanian population 10 and among Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII participants 13 and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III participants. 9 In one randomized controlled trial, a significant improvement in periodontal health was found after 6 months of exercise intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes.…”

“…Several modifiable lifestyle factors for periodontitis, including unhealthy diet, overweight, and cigarette smoking, have been demonstrated in earlier research 7 . In addition, previous studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) is associated with periodontitis 8–13 . The possible underlying mechanisms for a putative link between periodontitis and PA include systemic inflammation 12 .…”

“…7 In addition, previous studies have suggested that physical activity (PA) is associated with periodontitis. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The possible underlying mechanisms for a putative link between periodontitis and PA include systemic inflammation. 12 To date, the severity of periodontitis and the amount and domain of PA have not been fully studied in the context of this relationship.…”