Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Anemia Among Adult Dyspeptic Patients Attending Kiryandongo General Hospital, Uganda

Abstract

Purpose To determine the prevalence of anemia and its association with Helicobacter pylori infection among adult dyspeptic patients. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 283 dyspeptic patients at Kiryandongo General Hospital, in Uganda. A structured questionnaire was administered to capture demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants. Four milliliters of blood were then collected into an EDTA vacutainer for Complete Blood Count (CBC) and analyzed using HUMA COUNT 30 TS , and peripheral blood smears were made and stained using Giemsa stain. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels <12g/dl in females and <13g/dl in men according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) stool antigen test was performed using Whole power H. pylori Ag rapid test device, and saline stool preparation was examined for intestinal parasites. Chi-squared test and Logistic regression were performed to determine association, and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 42.4% (120/283). The prevalence of anemia among H. pylori -infected patients was 25.8% (31/120) and 15.3% (25/163) among H. pylori -negative counterparts. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with anemia (p-value 0.042), age (p-value 0.02, 0.009), water sources (p-value 0.0049,) and intestinal parasitic infestation (p-value 0.02), respectively. Conclusion This study has shown that the prevalence of H. pylori infection and anemia is high among dyspeptic patients at Kiryandongo General Hospital. H. pylori infection was found associated with anemia, age, water sources, and intestinal parasitic infestation. Routine screening of anemia in H. pylori -infected individuals and further studies to explore the relationship between anemia and H. pylori disease is highly recommended.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection-Associated Anemia in the Asir Region, Saudi Arabia

“…Our result was not in conformity with that of Haile et al, who observed anemia proportion in H. pylori-positive individuals to be 29.19% [32]. We found the prevalence of anemia incomparable with findings of various other investigations: in Uganda by Asiimwe et al (19.9%) [62]; Cuba (24.6%) by Pita-Rodríguez et al [63]; Butajira (26.9%) by Kibru et al [59]; Karachi (25%) by Abdul et al [64]; and Brazil (20%) [65]. This variation in the prevalence of anemia could be expounded by differences in sample size, methods adopted, and characteristics of the populations considered for studies.…”

“…We observed the prevalence of different kinds of anemia computed based on marginal distribution was 67.7 % IDA (Figure 5a), 35% anemia (Figure 5b), 43% microcytic anemia, and 57% normocytic anemia (Figure 5c). Kibru et al reported all the morphotypes of anemia in the H. pylori-infected group: microcytic, normocytic, macrocytic, and macrocytic anemia [59]; however, we observed only normocytic and microcytic anemia morphotypes, which suggests the H. pylori infection may cause IDA by decreasing iron absorption and minimizing Hb concentration owing to iron deficiency [62].…”

Comparison of Stool Antigen Test Over Urea Breath Test in Detection of Helicobacter Pylori Infection Among Patients Attending Nsambya Hospital in Kampala DISTRICT.A Cross-Sectional Study.

“…Where: N= sample size Z= is the standard normal variable estimated at 1.96 (adopted from the Z distribution table) at a 95 % confidence level P= P is the estimated proportion; considering the prevalence of H. pylori in Kiryandongo General Hospital, at 42.4% =0.424 (Asiimwe et al, 2023). q = 1-p, (1-0.424) = 0.576 d = 0.05, Represents the error allowed n= 1.96 x 1.96 x 0.424 x 0.576 0.05 x 0.05 =375 respondents 375 respondents will be considered for the study.…”