Association between HO‑1 gene promoter polymorphisms and diseases (Review)

Abstract

Heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1) is an inducible cytoprotective enzyme that degrades heme into free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin, which is then rapidly converted into bilirubin. These degradation products serve an important role in the regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis. While the expression level of Ho-1 is typically low in most cells, it may be highly expressed when induced by a variety of stimulating factors, a process that contributes to the regulation of cell homeostasis. in the 5'-non-coding region of the Ho-1 gene, there are two polymorphic sites, namely the (GT)n dinucleotide and T(-413)a single nucleotide polymorphism sites, which regulate the transcriptional activity of Ho-1. These polymorphisms have been shown to be closely associated with the occurrence and progression of numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, liver and kidney, various types of cancer and viral diseases. The present article reviews the progress that has been made in research on the association between the two types of polymorphisms and these diseases, which is expected to provide novel strategies for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various diseases. Contents1. introduction 2. regulation of Ho-1 expression 3. Ho-1 promoter polymorphism 4. association between Ho-1 gene polymorphism and clinical diseases 5. conclusions and prospects

Heme Oxygenase-1 and Its Metabolites Carbon Monoxide and Biliverdin, but Not Iron, Exert Antiviral Activity against Porcine Circovirus Type 3

“…Importantly, these inconsistencies in the effect of HO-1 on viral replication are largely attributed to the unique molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolite of HO-1. The enzymatic activity of HO-1 determines the production of its enzymolysis products (CO, BV, and iron), and these products play a crucial role in regulating cell function, particularly in the context of viral replication ( 70 ). ZnPP, an inhibitor of HO-1 enzymatic activity, was exploited to evaluate if HO-1 activity regulated by ZnPP affected PCV3 replication in PK-15 cells.…”

Is Environmental Cadmium Exposure Causally Related to Diabetes and Obesity?

“…HO-1 and HO-2 are products of two different genes; the promoter of the human HO-1 gene is unique because it contains the GT repeats, not found in rodent or murine species [ 194 , 195 ]. The genetic polymorphisms, such as long GT repeats, are associated with an elevated risk for various diseases, type 2 diabetes included [ 213 , 214 ].…”

A Review of the Potential of Nuclear Factor [Erythroid-Derived 2]-like 2 Activation in Autoimmune Diseases

“…HO-1, also known as heat shock protein 32, is the rate-limiting and inducible cytoprotective enzyme in the heme degradation path that degrades heme into free iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin, which is then rapidly converted into bilirubin [45,46]. Biliverdin is henceforward reduced to bilirubin via biliverdin reductase.…”