Association between hyperlipidemia and calcium oxalate lower urinary tract uroliths in dogs

Abstract

Background Metabolic syndrome is associated with formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) uroliths in humans. Objectives To investigate the association between obesity and hyperlipidemia with CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths in client‐owned dogs. Animals Dogs with (n = 55, U [uroliths]‐dogs) and without (n = 39, UF [uroliths‐free]‐dogs) CaOx lower urinary tract uroliths. Methods Case‐control study. U‐dogs were retrospectively enrolled and compared to UF‐dogs. Body condition score (BCS; 1‐9 scoring scale), serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CH) concentrations and glycemia (after >12‐hour food withholding) were recorded in both groups. Results On univariate logistic regression, when excluding Miniature Schnauzers, odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 3.32 (95% CI 1.38‐11.12) for each mmol/L of TG ( P = .027), of 39 (95% CI 9.27‐293.22) for each mmol/L of glycemia ( P < .0001), and of 2.43 (95% CI 1.45‐4.45) per unit of BCS ( P = .002). In multivariable models, the effect of TG was retained when all breeds were included for analysis and odds of having uroliths increased by a factor of 4.34 per mmol/L of TG (95% CI 1.45‐19.99; P = .02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Serum lipid screening in dogs diagnosed with CaOx uroliths might be recommended to improve their medical staging and management.

Nephrolithiasis and uricosuria diagnostics in dogs

“…As well as the presence of struvites, oxalates, silicates, urates, as well as stones of mixed types in the bladder [4]. Currently, serum lipids are screened for the diagnosis of uroliths [5], studies of the urogenital microbiome are carried out [2]. Nevertheless, these methods, as well as X-ray examination, do not allow to identify carriers of the disease, as well as animals at an early age that have a risk of disease development.…”