Association between Hypoadiponectinemia and Low Serum Concentrations of Calcium and Vitamin D in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract

Objective. To investigate the possible association of calcium and vitamin D deficiency with hypoadiponectinemia in women with PCOS. Subjects and Methods. In this case-control study, 103 PCOS cases and 103 controls included. The concentrations of calcium, 25-OH-vitamin D (25OHD), adiponectin, insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and androgens were measured in fasting blood samples. Results. Adiponectin (8.4 ± 2.7 ng/mL versus 13.6 ± 5 ng/mL in control group, P : 0.00), calcium (2 ± 0.1 mmol/L versus 2.55 ± 0.17 mmol/L in controls, P : 0.00), and 25-OH-Vit D (30 ± 2.99 nmol/L versus 43.7 ± 5.2 nmol/L in control group, P : 0.00) levels were decreased in women with PCOS. Subjects with PCOS had higher concentrations of TG (1.4 ± 0.77 mmol/L versus 1.18 ± 0.75 mmol/L in control group, P : 0.019) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (10.7 ± 11 mmol/L versus 9.7 ± 10.4, P : 0.02 in control group). There were significant correlations between adiponectin concentrations with calcium (r : 0.78, P : 0.00) and 25OHD levels (r : 0.82, P : 0.00). The association of hypoadiponectinemia and PCOS was not significant considering 25OHD as a confounding factor. Conclusion. The present findings indicate that the association of hypoadiponectinemia with PCOS is dependent on vitamin D. A possible beneficiary effect of vitamin D on the metabolic parameters in PCOS may be suggested.

Vitamin D and assisted reproduction: should vitamin D be routinely screened and repleted prior to ART? A systematic review

“…While some studies reported lower levels of vitamin D in women with PCOS [46,47], other studies suggested that levels are comparable [48] or even higher compared to women with PCOS [49]. Several studies have reported an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D levels in PCOS patients [50][51][52].…”

The role of vitamin D in metabolic disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review

“…The studies included premenopausal women (14-50 years) of various ethnicities, with the number of participants ranging from 45 to 400. Different stratifications were used: seven studies compared PCOS women with controls (19,20,22,23,24,27,28), three studies compared lean vs obese PCOS women (18,21,26), one study compared PCOS women with and without the metabolic syndrome (25), and one study solely included PCOS women (29). Large differences were found in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (defined as serum 25OHD levels !50 nmol/l), varying from 37% in a study carried out in Italy (21) to 72% in a study carried out in Scotland (19).…”

“…In detail, three studies demonstrated a significantly lower serum 25OHD level in PCOS women: 32.4 vs 73.7 nmol/l in 90 PCOS women and 47 control women (24), 30.0 vs 43.7 nmol/l among 103 PCOS women and their controls (28), and 17.7 vs 79.2 nmol/l in 30 PCOS women and 15 control women (27). By contrast, another study among 291 PCOS women and 109 control women demonstrated a lower serum 25OHD level in control women than in PCOS women (53.5 vs 73.7 nmol/l) (23).…”

“…Eleven of all the included observational studies investigated the correlation between vitamin D status and IR (18,19,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29). Most of these studies used HOMA-IR as an indicator of IR.…”

“…Twelve studies had an observational design (18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29), employing a crosssectional or case-control design, with vitamin D status as one of the preliminary outcomes. A summary of these studies is given in Table 1.…”