Association between Hypomagnesemia, COVID-19, Respiratory Tract and Lung Disease

Faa, Gavino; Saba, Luca; Fanni, Daniela; Kalcev, Goce; Carta, Mauro Giovanni

doi:10.2174/1874306402115010043

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Cytokine storm drains ATP in COVID-19, whose regeneration requires magnesium along with phosphate ( 35 ). Therefore, adequate magnesium body storage is crucial to avoid an aggressive magnesium deficiency in severe COVID-19 ( 36 ). Furthermore, magnesium plays an important role in the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles, and thus its deficiency might result in respiratory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients ( 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Intake of Dietary Magnesium Is Inversely Associated With COVID-19 Severity and Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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Background and AimsMagnesium is an anti-inflammatory mineral that plays a role in the innate immune system, and the relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle warrants additional attention in COVID-19. This study examined the association between magnesium intake and COVID-19 severity and related symptoms in hospitalized patients.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done enrolling 250 COVID-19 patients aged 18 to 65 years. A validated 168-item online food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary magnesium intake. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines were used to determine COVID-19 severity, and symptoms were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Crude and adjusted analyses were performed (Model 1: age, sex, and energy intake; Model 2: Model 1 + physical activity, supplements, corticosteroids, and antiviral drugs; Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index).ResultsThe mean age of participants was 44.1 ± 12.1 years, and 46% of them had severe COVID-19. Patients at the highest tertile of dietary magnesium intake had lower serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP (11.8 ± 2.2 vs. 29.5 ± 2.1 mg/L, p < 0.001) and ESR (15.8 ± 2.4 vs. 34.7 ± 2.4 mm/hr, p < 0.001), than those at the lowest tertile. After controlling for potential confounders, we observed that a higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with a lower odds of severe COVID-19 (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15–0.70). Also, we found a significant inverse association between dietary magnesium intake and odds of COVID-19 symptoms.ConclusionWe found that higher intake of dietary magnesium was inversely associated with COVID-19 severity and symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Intake of Dietary Magnesium Is Inversely Associated With COVID-19 Severity and Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2022

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“…Our results showed that the prevalence of Mg deficiency or hypomagnesemia did not rise in COVID-19 patients compared to patients without COVID-19. Faa et al assessed the possible relationship between Mg deficiency, COVID-19, and respiratory tract and lung disorders (21). They suggested compelling reasons that hypomagnesemia can predispose individuals to COVID-19 ending with severe lung disease, often fatal (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Faa et al assessed the possible relationship between Mg deficiency, COVID-19, and respiratory tract and lung disorders (21). They suggested compelling reasons that hypomagnesemia can predispose individuals to COVID-19 ending with severe lung disease, often fatal (21). In other words, hypomagnesemia in individuals with COVID-19 may aggravate respiratory problems and other complications (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Serum Magnesium and Risk of Morbidity and Mortality in ICU-Admitted Patients Based on COVID-19 Infection Classification

Samimagham

Boushehri

Moradkhani

et al. 2022

Arch Clin Infect Dis

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Background: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a common clinical electrolyte abnormality in critically ill patients, which is related to higher mortality and is easily ignored. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association of Mg levels with mortality and comorbidity in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) based on COVID-19 infection classification. Methods: A total of 69 patients admitted to the ICU of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, from June to December 2021were included in the present study. The serum Mg was measured in these patients. Data from sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), acute physiologic assessment and chronic health evaluation (APACHE), ICU stay length, mechanical ventilation duration, mortality, and comorbidity were determined. Moreover, the COVID-19 infection was detected by PCR. Results: The mean ± SD age of patients (34.8% male) was 52.56 ± 16.43 years. Out of 69 patients, 18 (26.1%) died during hospitalization, and 24 (34.8%) required mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of COVID-19 was 39.1% (27 patients). Our results showed no difference in serum Mg between patients based on mortality and comorbidity status. However, the Mg level of patients with kidney failure was significantly higher than patients without kidney failure (P < 0.05). Based on the COVID-19 classification, there was only a positive correlation between hypomagnesemia and the length of ICU hospitalization in patients without COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings showed no difference in the Mg levels of patients based on mortality status. Patients with kidney failure had higher serum Mg than those without kidney failure. Furthermore, our results showed no difference in the Mg levels of critically ill patients based on COVID-19 infection status.

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“…Newly, it has been hypothesized that its low level may favor the transition from mild to critical clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Decreased NK and T-cell cytotoxicity because of magnesium deficiency may illuminate the vulnerability of elder, hypertensive, obese, and diabetic patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection (Faa et al 2021 ). Furthermore, its deficiency upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokine creation in monocytes and raises NFkB expression (Fanni et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Immune Fuctions Of Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the immunoboosting potential of macro and micronutrients in COVID support therapy

Batiha

Al-Gareeb

Qusti

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The immune system protects human health from the effects of pathogenic organisms; however, its activity is affected when individuals become infected. These activities require a series of molecules, substrates, and energy sources that are derived from diets. The consumed nutrients from diets help to enhance the immunity of infected individuals as it relates to COVID-19 patients. This study aims to review and highlight requirement and role of macro- and micronutrients of COVID-19 patients in enhancing their immune systems. Series of studies were found to have demonstrated the enhancing potentials of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins, copper, zinc, iron, calcium, magnesium, and selenium) in supporting the immune system’s fight against respiratory infections. Each of these nutrients performs a vital role as an antiviral defense in COVID-19 patients. Appropriate consumption or intake of dietary sources that yield these nutrients will help provide the daily requirement to support the immune system in its fight against pathogenic viruses such as COVID-19.

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Association between Hypomagnesemia, COVID-19, Respiratory Tract and Lung Disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Higher Intake of Dietary Magnesium Is Inversely Associated With COVID-19 Severity and Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Higher Intake of Dietary Magnesium Is Inversely Associated With COVID-19 Severity and Symptoms in Hospitalized Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Association of Serum Magnesium and Risk of Morbidity and Mortality in ICU-Admitted Patients Based on COVID-19 Infection Classification

Deciphering the immunoboosting potential of macro and micronutrients in COVID support therapy

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