Association between Hypothyroidism and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Lauritano, Ernesto Cristiano; Bilotta, Anna Lisa; Gabrielli, Maurizio; Scarpellini, Emidio; Lupascu, A.; Laginestra, Antonio; Novi, M.; Sottili, S.; Serricchio, Michele; Cammarota, Giovanni; Gasbarrini, Giovanni; Pontecorvi, Alfredo; Gasbarrini, Antonio

doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0606

Cited by 125 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth has also been described. In one study, when patients with a previous history of overt hypothyroidism (but who were rendered euthyroid with levothyroxine therapy) were tested with a hydrogen glucose breath test, 54% were found to be positive versus 5% in controls [21]. Abdominal discomfort, bloating, and flatulence were significantly associated with the presence of bacterial overgrowth and were significantly improved following antibiotic therapy [21].…”

Section: Intestinal Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one study, when patients with a previous history of overt hypothyroidism (but who were rendered euthyroid with levothyroxine therapy) were tested with a hydrogen glucose breath test, 54% were found to be positive versus 5% in controls [21]. Abdominal discomfort, bloating, and flatulence were significantly associated with the presence of bacterial overgrowth and were significantly improved following antibiotic therapy [21]. Reduced GI motility may be implicated as it can • Weight gain • Anaemia reduce the ability of the small bowel to prevent stasis and overgrowth of luminal bacteria [21].…”

Section: Intestinal Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review

Kyriacou

McLaughlin

Syed

2015

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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Section: Intestinal Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intestinal Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review

Kyriacou

McLaughlin

Syed

2015

European Journal of Internal Medicine

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“…Absorption of specific substances may be decreased but the total quantity absorbed is usually normal or increased due to an extended time in bowel transit [31,65] . Diarrhea in the hypothyroid state is mainly the result of increased bacterial growth secondary to bowel hypomotility [66,67] . Exceptionally, hypothyroidism may be the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding refractory to usual treatments [68] , most probably by means of acquired coagulopathy [69] .…”

Section: Intestine and Colonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of dysthyroidism on the digestive tract and viscera

Daher¹,

Yazbeck²,

Jaoude³

et al. 2009

WJG

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Thyroid hormones define basal metabolism throughout the body, particularly in the intestine and viscera. Gastrointestinal manifestations of dysthyroidism are numerous and involve all portions of the tract. Thyroid hormone action on motility has been widely studied, but more complex pathophysiologic mechanisms have been indicated by some studies although these are not fully understood. Both thyroid hormone excess and deficiency can have similar digestive manifestations, such as diarrhea, although the mechanism is different in each situation. The liver is the most affected organ in both hypo-and hyperthyroidism. Specific digestive diseases may be associated with autoimmune thyroid processes, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Grave's disease. Among them, celiac sprue and primary biliary cirrhosis are the most frequent although a clear common mechanism has never been proven. Overall, thyroidrelated digestive manifestations were described decades ago but studies are still needed in order to confirm old concepts or elucidate undiscovered mechanisms. All practitioners must be aware of digestive symptoms due to dysthyroidism in order to avoid misdiagnosis of rare but potentially lethal situations.

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“…A pathogenetic link with dysbiosis has been described for obesity, type II diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases as well as autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis, type I diabetes, and rheumatic diseases [7]. Autoimmune thyroid disease is the most frequent autoimmune disorder and hypo-and hyper-thyroidism, often of autoimmune origin, were associated to bacterial overgrowth [8] and to a different microbiota composition, respectively [9]. So far, the possible interference of microbiota subtype on the whole thyroid equilibrium is an intriguing issue (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does microbiota composition affect thyroid homeostasis?

Virili

Centanni

2014

Endocrine

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The intestinal microbiota is essential for the host to ensure digestive and immunologic homeostasis. When microbiota homeostasis is impaired and dysbiosis occurs, the malfunction of epithelial barrier leads to intestinal and systemic disorders, chiefly immunologic and metabolic. The role of the intestinal tract is crucial in the metabolism of nutrients, drugs, and hormones, including exogenous and endogenous iodothyronines as well as micronutrients involved in thyroid homeostasis. However, the link between thyroid homeostasis and microbiota composition is not yet completely ascertained. A pathogenetic link with dysbiosis has been described in different autoimmune disorders but not yet fully elucidated in autoimmune thyroid disease which represents the most frequent of them. Anyway, it has been suggested that intestinal dysbiosis may trigger autoimmune thyroiditis. Furthermore, hypo- and hyper-thyroidism, often of autoimmune origin, were respectively associated to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and to changes in microbiota composition. Whether some steps of this thyroid network may be affected by intestinal microbiota composition is briefly discussed below.

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Association between Hypothyroidism and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth

Cited by 125 publications

References 35 publications

Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review

Thyroid disorders and gastrointestinal and liver dysfunction: A state of the art review

Consequences of dysthyroidism on the digestive tract and viscera

Does microbiota composition affect thyroid homeostasis?

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