Association between Internalized Stigma and Depression among People Living with HIV in Thailand

Thapinta, Darawan; Srithanaviboonchai, Kriengkrai; Uthis, Penpaktr; Suktrakul, Sunisa; Wiwatwongnawa, Rangsima; Tangmunkongvorakul, Arunrat; Wannachaiyakul, Saranya; Sripan, Patumrat

doi:10.3390/ijerph19084471

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…HIV-related stigma was identified as a barrier to HIV testing and treatment, as has been noted elsewhere ( 62 , 63 ). Similarly, our findings match previous work that internalised stigma limits social networks and reduces the social interaction of PLWHA due to self-imposed social isolation, self-exclusion, and the avoidance of negative judgment, guilt, and shame associated with HIV infection ( 64–66 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A qualitative inquiry of experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among people living with HIV on treatment in rural Kilifi, Kenya

Wanjala

Nyongesa

Mapenzi

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundThe pervasiveness of HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and its consequences on HIV prevention and treatment, have been well documented. However, little is known about the lived experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among the general adult population living with HIV in rural African settings. This study set out to explore this knowledge gap.MethodsFrom April to June 2018, we conducted in-depth interviews with a convenience sample of 40 adults living with HIV aged 18–58 years in Kilifi, Kenya. A semi-structured interview guide was used to explore experiences of HIV-related stigma and its impact on these adults. A framework approach was used to analyze the data using NVIVO 11 software.ResultsParticipants reported experiences of HIV-related stigma in its various forms (anticipated, perceived, internalised, and enacted), as well as its effects on HIV treatment and social and personal spheres. The internalisation of stigma caused by enacted stigma impacted care-seeking behavior resulting in worse overall health. Anxiety and depression characterized by suicidal ideation were the results of internalised stigma. Anticipated stigma prompted HIV medication concealment, care-seeking in remote healthcare facilities, and care avoidance. Fewer social interactions and marital conflicts resulted from perceived stigma. Overall, HIV-related stigma resulted in partial and non-disclosure of HIV seropositivity and medication non-adherence. At a personal level, mental health issues and diminished sexual or marital prospects (for the unmarried) were reported.ConclusionDespite high awareness of HIV and AIDS among the general population in Kenya, adults living with HIV in rural Kilifi still experience different forms of HIV-related stigma (including self-stigma) that result in a raft of social, personal, and HIV-treatment-related consequences. Our findings underscore the urgent need to reevaluate and adopt more effective strategies for implementing HIV-related anti-stigma programs at the community level. Addressing individual-level stigma will require the design of targeted interventions. To improve the lives of adults living with HIV in Kilifi, the effects of HIV-related stigma, particularly on HIV treatment, must be addressed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A qualitative inquiry of experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among people living with HIV on treatment in rural Kilifi, Kenya

Wanjala

Nyongesa

Mapenzi

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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“…At the same time, stigma may lead to daily communication difficulties and loss of social skills [ 27 ]. Many studies have shown that compared with the subjects in the standard group, the patients with stigma show a significantly higher tendency to depression [ 28 , 29 ]. Therefore, low-level stigma is an essential factor in improving depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of psychological resilience on chronic patients’ depression during the dynamic Zero-COVID policy: the mediating role of stigma and the moderating role of sleep quality

et al. 2023

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Objective Chronic patients are experiencing depression caused by themselves or the surrounding environment, how to cope with the change of mentality and adjust the psychological stress response, especially under the background of the current dynamic Zero-COVID policy in China, is a problem worth further discussion. The researchers constructed a mediating regulation model to test the influence of psychological resilience on depression of chronic patients during dynamic Zero-COVID, as well as the mediating role of stigma and the moderating role of sleep. Method From October 2021 to February 2022, this study used a multi-stage sampling method and random number table method to collect data in the Shang Cheng District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Firstly, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, a third-class hospital was randomly selected from the Shang Cheng District. Secondly, three departments were strategically selected from this hospital: endocrinology, dermatology, and traditional Chinese medicine. Thirdly, survey points were set up in each department, and chronic patients were strategically selected for questionnaire surveys. Finally, a face-to-face survey was conducted on 398 chronic patients who met the criteria for inclusion. In addition, chronic medical illness burden was assessed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale-Geriatrics (CIRS-G), psychological resilience was measured by the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), stigma was measured by the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness (SSCI), sleep was measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and depression was estimated by the Patient Health Questionaire-9(PHQ-9). SPSS (version 25.0) and PROCESS (version 4.0) were used for correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and mediated moderation analysis. Results Psychological resilience was negatively correlated with depression, stigma, and sleep. Depression was positively correlated with stigma and sleep. Stigma and sleep were positively correlated; Stigma played a mediating role in the relationship between psychological resilience and depression; Sleep moderated the first half of the pathway “psychological resilience $$\to$$ stigma $$\to$$ depression”. Conclusion Psychological resilience affected depression directly and indirectly through stigma. At the same time, sleep played a moderating role between psychological resilience and depression. The correlation between psychological resilience and stigma was stronger when levels of sleep levels were higher.

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“…The HPH group also experienced psychological distress owing to HIV-related stigma or multimorbidity for many years (20,43). Some studies have suggested an association between HIV-related stigma and psychological distress or mood (44,45). Long-term experiences of HIV-related stigma could have prevented HPH from connecting with people and society, affected various life events such as employment and marriage, (P6) and reduced their vigor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of low vigor in patients living with HIV and hemophilia in Japan: A cross-sectional observational study

Komatsu,

Kimura,

Kiryu

et al. 2024

GHM

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People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at high risk of mental health problems. However, little is known about this risk in HIV-infected patients with hemophilia (HPH) who contracted the virus through blood products. This cross-sectional, observational study assessed patients' mood states and the factors associated with them among Japanese HPH to evaluate the need for psychosocial support. HPH completed self-administered questionnaires (Profile of Mood States [POMS] and General Health Questionnaire-28), neuropsychological tests, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography scans. HIV-infected patients with no hemophilia (HPnH) completed POMS and neuropsychological tests. Socio-demographic characteristics and HIV-and hemophilia-related data were obtained from participants' medical records and interviews. A Mann-Whitney U test and chi-squared analyses were conducted. Fiftysix HPH and 388 HPnH completed the questionnaires and neuropsychological tests. HPH had a significantly lower prevalence of tension-anxiety (HPH, 7%; HPnH, 18%; p = 0.049) and a significantly higher prevalence of low vigor (HPH, 63%; HPnH, 32%; p < 0.001). Low vigor in HPH was significantly associated with impaired executive function (low vigor, 66%; high vigor, 33%; p = 0.019) and a social dysfunction score ≥ 3 (moderate; low vigor, 26%; high vigor, 5%; p = 0.047). Our results highlight the high prevalence of low vigor among HPH, leading to impairments in executive and social functions. Therefore, healthcare workers need to pay attention to the vigor, executive function, and social function of HPH.

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Association between Internalized Stigma and Depression among People Living with HIV in Thailand

Cited by 12 publications

References 47 publications

A qualitative inquiry of experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among people living with HIV on treatment in rural Kilifi, Kenya

A qualitative inquiry of experiences of HIV-related stigma and its effects among people living with HIV on treatment in rural Kilifi, Kenya

The impact of psychological resilience on chronic patients’ depression during the dynamic Zero-COVID policy: the mediating role of stigma and the moderating role of sleep quality

Prevalence and associated factors of low vigor in patients living with HIV and hemophilia in Japan: A cross-sectional observational study

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