Association Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Cigarette Smoking: Clinical and Experimental Findings

Jackson, Alicia R.; Dhawale, Arjun A.; Brown, Mark D.

doi:10.2106/jbjs.rvw.n.00057

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“… 26 Another risk factor that links OYL with the spine degeneration pathway is smoking. 27 Despite the small number of smokers in our study with OYL, undoubtedly the analysis suggests that smoking may be related to size progression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

The Natural History of Ossification of Yellow Ligament of the Thoracic Spine on MRI: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Tang

Samartzis

Cheung

2020

Global Spine Journal

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Purpose: To assess the natural history of ossification of yellow ligament (OYL) in the thoracic spine and determine risk factors for progression based on a longitudinal population-based cohort. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal cohort study was performed on a population-based cohort of Southern Chinese volunteers. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used at baseline to identify any OYL and was verified with computed tomography. Follow-up MRI was performed 5 years later. Parameters under study included the size of OYL, levels of involvement, morphology (round, triangular, beak), whether it crossed the midline and any disc degeneration. Results: A total of 114 (6.1%) individuals were identified to have OYL at baseline out of the 1864 individuals. Size progression occurred predominantly at the lower thoracic region. Majority of the new OYL were also in the lower thoracic spine and was associated with higher body mass index (BMI). Smokers were associated with OYL size progression while patients with higher BMI tended to develop new OYL at follow-up. Progression commonly occurred at the lower thoracic levels and regression occurred mostly at the upper thoracic levels. Conclusions: This is the first population-based series addressing the natural history of OYL. Better understanding of the natural history of OYL may provide incentive to introduce preventive measures such as weight reduction and close monitoring for myelopathy development in those at-risk groups for progression. This is especially important for patients with lower thoracic OYL and who are smokers with higher BMI. Level of Evidence: 1 (prognostic study).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

The Natural History of Ossification of Yellow Ligament of the Thoracic Spine on MRI: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Tang

Samartzis

Cheung

2020

Global Spine Journal

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“…Several studies investigated the detrimental effect of smoking on the health of the IVD ( Jackson et al, 2015 ). Most importantly, animal studies showed that smoking causes a build-up of carbon monoxide, which binds to hemoglobin to displace oxygen and cause anoxia; this, in addition to related vascular constriction, leads to a reduced nutritional supply in the disc ( Holm and Nachemson, 1988 ).…”

Section: Biochemical Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, in vitro studies have shown that nicotine reduces cell proliferation and ECM biosynthesis in a dose-dependent fashion ( Akmal et al, 2004 ). Based on the wealth of information provided by experimental studies, a system of “direct” and “indirect” pathways of smoking to disc degeneration has been proposed ( Jackson et al, 2015 ; see Figure 3 ). A computational model including both the “direct” and “indirect” pathways of smoking was developed to quantify the effect of tobacco smoking on the homeostasis of disc degeneration ( Elmasry et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Biochemical Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology: A Review

et al. 2022

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Lower back pain is a medical condition of epidemic proportion, and the degeneration of the intervertebral disc has been identified as a major contributor. The etiology of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is multifactorial, depending on age, cell-mediated molecular degradation processes and genetics, which is accelerated by traumatic or gradual mechanical factors. The complexity of such intertwined biochemical and mechanical processes leading to degeneration makes it difficult to quantitatively identify cause–effect relationships through experiments. Computational modeling of the IVD is a powerful investigative tool since it offers the opportunity to vary, observe and isolate the effects of a wide range of phenomena involved in the degenerative process of discs. This review aims at discussing the main findings of finite element models of IVD pathophysiology with a special focus on the different factors contributing to physical changes typical of degenerative phenomena. Models presented are subdivided into those addressing role of nutritional supply, progressive biochemical alterations stemming from an imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes, aging and those considering mechanical factors as the primary source that induces morphological change within the disc. Limitations of the current models, as well as opportunities for future computational modeling work are also discussed.

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“…To the authors' knowledge, there are no data reporting the effects of cigarette smoking (second‐hand smoke) on IVDD in dogs. However, other animal models report that exposure to components of tobacco is associated with decreased nutrient transport, altered cell morphology and function, increased oxidative stress and cell death, decreased ECM content and synthesis, and structural changes in IVDs 116‐127 . Tobacco use is clearly implicated in symptomatic disc disease in human patients 110,111,128 .…”

Section: Causes Of Ivdd In Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine models of spine disorders

et al. 2020

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Neck and low back pain are common among the adult human population and impose large social and economic burdens on health care and quality of life. Spine-related disorders are also significant health concerns for canine companions with etiopathogeneses, clinical presentations, and diagnostic and therapeutic options that are very similar to their human counterparts. Historically, induced and spontaneous pathology in laboratory rodents, dogs, sheep, goats, pigs, and nonhuman primates have been used for study of human spine disorders. While each of these can serve as useful preclinical models, they all have inherent limitations. Spontaneously occurring spine disorders in dogs provide highly translatable data that overcome many of the limitations of other models and have the added benefit of contributing to veterinary healthcare as well. For this scoping review, peer-reviewed manuscripts were selected from PubMed and Google Scholar searches using keywords: "intervertebral disc," "intervertebral disc degeneration," "biomarkers," "histopathology," "canine," and "mechanism." Additional keywords such as "injury," "induced model," and "nucleus degeneration" were used to further narrow inclusion. The objectives of this review were to (a) outline similarities in key features of spine disorders between dogs and humans; (b) describe relevant canine models; and (c) highlight the applicability of these models for advancing translational research and clinical application for mechanisms of disease, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment, with a focus on intervertebral disc degeneration. Best current evidence suggests that dogs share important anatomical, physiological, histological, and molecular components of spinal disorders in humans, such that induced and spontaneous canine models can be very effective for translational research. Taken together, the peer-reviewed literature supports numerous advantages for use of canine models for study of disorders of the spine when the potential limitations and challenges are addressed.

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Association Between Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Cigarette Smoking: Clinical and Experimental Findings

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

The Natural History of Ossification of Yellow Ligament of the Thoracic Spine on MRI: A Population-Based Cohort Study

The Natural History of Ossification of Yellow Ligament of the Thoracic Spine on MRI: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Computational Modeling Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology: A Review

Canine models of spine disorders

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