2017
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31059
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Association between long‐term low‐intensity cigarette smoking and incidence of smoking‐related cancer in the national institutes of health‐AARP cohort

Abstract: An increasing proportion of US smokers smoke ≤10 cigarettes per day (CPD) or do not smoke every day, yet the health effects of low-intensity smoking are poorly understood. We identified lifelong smokers of <1 or 1-10 CPD and evaluated risk of incident cancer among 238,525 cancer-free adults, aged 59-82, in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. A questionnaire administered in 2004-2005 assessed CPD during nine age-periods (<15 to ≥70). We estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multiv… Show more

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Cited by 54 publications
(40 citation statements)
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“…There are no long-term studies that compare disease rates of IQOS users to either smokers or non-smokers who do not use IQOS, nor is there an established process of inferring disease risk from the information that is available, including measures of exposure to certain chemicals or assessments of short-term health indicators and biomarkers. Indeed, the lowered exposure in the context of lower intensity smoking has shown that relative risk can be highly disproportionate to relative exposure 22 23. Studies that examine exposures of known toxins in IQOS aerosol have generally found substantially lower levels than conventional cigarette smoke 24 25.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are no long-term studies that compare disease rates of IQOS users to either smokers or non-smokers who do not use IQOS, nor is there an established process of inferring disease risk from the information that is available, including measures of exposure to certain chemicals or assessments of short-term health indicators and biomarkers. Indeed, the lowered exposure in the context of lower intensity smoking has shown that relative risk can be highly disproportionate to relative exposure 22 23. Studies that examine exposures of known toxins in IQOS aerosol have generally found substantially lower levels than conventional cigarette smoke 24 25.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although dual users reduced smoking with 47% (see Figure 3 ), reduced smoking is not without any risks. It is important for vapers to be aware that reducing the amount of smoked CPD to smoking only a few cigarettes a day still has a negative impact on health and that for many smoking-related diseases the risk reduction is not a linear function of the reduction of the amount smoked [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. A recent study showed that long-term use of only e-cigarettes resulted in significantly reduced levels of smoking related carcinogens and toxins, whereas this was not observed in those who were both using e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes; highlighting the importance of completely switching to vaping [ 33 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies have consistently reported that the risk of HNC increases with the duration and intensity of tobacco smoking, smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff) and alcohol drinking . Moreover, cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking presented a greater than multiplicative interaction on HNC risk.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 89%